Digestion and Metabolism

Dr. Mohammad Akram

CHM-203

1
 Digestion

is the mechanical and chemical breaking

down of food into smaller components, to
a form that can be absorbed, for instance,
by a blood stream. Digestion is a form of
catabolism.

2
 Proteins
 Protein is composed of carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen, and, in some cases,
sulfur. Protein is the only nutrient that
contains nitrogen, a fact that makes it both
essential and potentially toxic.
 Amino acids building blocks constitute the
larger molecular structures of protein.

3
 Different kind of proteins
Working Proteins
 Enzymes
 Antibodies
 Transport Proteins
 Hormones
Structural Proteins
 Muscles, tendons, ligaments
 Skin, bones and teeth cores
 Hair and nail

4
 Digestion of Proteins

1. Protein is used by the body to build

and repair cells, to regulate a huge
number of body functions.
2. 50 percent of the dietary protein we
consume each day goes into making
enzymes..

5
 Continue
1. Enzymes are the specialized proteins
that help to digest food.
2. Divide molecules to make new
cells and other chemical substances.
3. Protein is also used to make
neurotransmitters.
4. Protein is also used in the creation of
DNA and RNA.

6
 Proteins are digested

 In The Stomach, by enzymes called proteinases

or proteases.
 In The Small Intestine
Digestion of proteins continues in the duodenum, the first
segment of the small intestine. Pancreas helps the process by
secreting the pancreatic protease enzymes trypsin and
chymotrypsin.

7
Extra Protein Calories In Diet

If protein requirements are exceeded

by protein intake, the surplus amino
acids may be converted to glucose for
energy use, or converted to fatty acids
and stored as adipose tissue.

8
 Insufficient Protein In Diet

If we eat insufficient protein the body may

break down stored protein in the muscles
and transport the amino acids to the more
vital organs, as required.

9
10
 Understanding Terminology
Metabolism
In order to understand metabolism let us start
with the following terminology;

Anabolism- It is the sum of all the reactions which take

place for the synthesis of an organism.
Catabolism- The sum of all reactions which take place
for the decomposition of an organism

11
 Metabolism
 It refers to the sum of all anabolic and
catabolic reactions occurring in an
organism;
 Generally we use the term *metabolic* to
refer to the sum of all chemical reactions
within living organism.

12
 Synthesis of Proteins

The liver is the central processing unit for

protein synthesis, continually monitoring
protein needs and synthesizing amino
acids and proteins to satisfy a variety of
needs.

13
 Metabolism of Proteins
Experiments have established that body
proteins are in a dynamic state, constantly
being broken down and replaced. This is a
rapid process in organs active in
metabolism, such as liver, kidney,
intestinal mucosa, and pancreas, much
slower in skeletal muscles, and extremely
slow in connective tissue elements and
skin.
14
Thank you for your attention

15