What is wimax

How is it different from GSM or

others
WiMAX setup
Wimax Parameters-ranges BW
etc
Applns
Where is it Deployed
Who is the operator
 Introduction- What is WiMAX
• WiMAX -Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access also
called as BWA (Broad band Wireless Access)

• WiMAX is one of the hottest broadband wireless technologies

around today

• An alternative to wire technologies ( such as Cable Modems, DSL

and T1/E1 links

• It operates similar to WiFi but at higher speeds, over greater

distances and for a greater number of users

• Has the ability to provide service even in areas that are difficult for
wired infrastructure to reach

• Overcomes the physical limitations of traditional wired infrastructure

• High Speed Internet Access

• Provides Wireless transmission of voice, video and data over

Microwave RF Spectrum

• The name is given by WiMAX Forum-which promotes

interoperability between vendors.

• Point to multipoint

• WiMAX embedded devices -such as mobile phones and WiMAX-

embedded laptops
 Why WiMAX
• Supports very high bandwidth solutions

• Provides wide area coverage and Quality of service to applications l

ranging from real-time delay-sensitive voice-over-IP (VoIP) to real-
time streaming video and non-real-time downloads

• It is an IP-based wireless broadband technology which can be

integrated into both wide-area third-generation (3G) mobile and
wireless and wire line networks
WiMAX Network
IEEE 802.16 Standards
 Applications
• Connecting Wi-Fi hotspots to the Internet.

• Has replaced cable and DSL

• Provides internet "last mile” broadband access.

• Providing portable connectivity.

• VoIP , e-mail and web browsing at the same time.

WiMAX Architecture
 WiMAX Architecture-Reference
Model
• IEEE 802.16e-2005 standard provides air interface for WiMAX but not end to end
network.

• The WiMAX Forum's Network Working Group (NWG), is responsible for

– developing the end-to-end network requirements,
– architecture, and protocols for WiMAX, using IEEE 802.16e-2005 as the air interface.

• NWG has developed a reference model which provides

- architecture framework for WiMAX Deployments
- Interoperability among WiMAX equipment and operators

• Reference model/Architecture is IP based.

- Supports
- Fixed
- Nomadic
- Mobile deployments
 WiMAX Network Architecture-
Explanation
WiMAX Network is logically divided into three parts :
1. Mobile Stations (MS) used by the end user to access the network.
2. The access service network (ASN), which comprises one or more base
stations and one or more ASN gateways that form the radio access network
at the edge.
3. Connectivity service network (CSN), which provides IP connectivity and all
the IP core network functions.

WiMAX Network

MS
ASN CSN
 Introduction
WiMAX

Fixed WiMAX Mobile WiMAX

(802.16d) (802.16e)

• WiMAX system profiles refer to a set of parameters on which a WiMAX network

will operate. They include frequency band, channel bandwidth, and duplexing
scheme

• Fixed WiMAX is for fixed applications in LOS and NLOS environments

• 10 - 66 GHz licensed frequency
• OFDM/OFDMA
• OFDM with 256 carriers in licensed 3.5GHz band using channel BW of 3.5
MHz or 7 MHz
• And in unlicensed 5.8 GHz band using a 10 MHz TDD channel.
 Fixed WiMAX
Frequency ChannelizationDuplexing
• The first release of Fixed band (MHz) (MHz)
WiMAX profiles has been
published by the WiMAX 3400 - 3600 3.5 TDD
Forum. They are listed in the
following table. 3400 - 3600 7.0 TDD

• The licensed 3.5 GHz band 3400 - 3600 3.5 FDD

(3400 - 3600 MHz) is the most
globally harmonized band for 3400 - 3600 7.0 FDD
Fixed WiMAX
5725 - 5850 10 TDD
• Mobile WiMAX is for portable and mobile applications in NLOS
environment.

• Frequency selection will affect the quality and cost of the network

• The lower frequency bands are generally of preference because they

offer propagation advantage, i.e. lower attenuation and longer reach
which leads to smaller number of cells required to provide a mobility
coverage.

• Mobile WiMAX operators are between 1.9 GHz and 2.1 GHz, but those
bands have been assigned to 3G operators

• WiBro (Wireless Broadband) which is the Korean implementation of IEEE

802.16e, is included as one of Mobile WiMAX profiles. WiBro operates in
the 2.3 GHz band over an 8.75 MHz TDD-channel
Release-1 of Mobile WiMAX profiles has been published, as in the following table:
Mobile WiMAX profiles cover 5, 7, 8.75, 10 MHz channel bandwidths for licensed
spectrum in the 2.3 GHz, 2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz bands

Frequency Bands (GHz)

Channelization 2.3 - 2.4 2.305-2.32 2.345-2.36 2.496-2.69 3.3 - 3.4 3.4-3.8

(MHz)

5.0 TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD

7.0 TDD TDD

8.75 TDD

10 TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD

Table. Mobile WiMAX Release-1 System Profiles (source: WiMAX Forum)

• NLOS Environment
• WiMAX Setup

Fixed and Mobile WiMAX CPE

Outdoor CPE, indoor CPE, and PC card

 Fixed WiMAX
• Fixed WiMAX is an alternative to DSL or Cable broad band access.
• Setup:
– Needs outdoor or indoor CPE which consists of antenna, RF
interface, modem, and various interfaces for connecting user
devices.
– CPE with roof-mounted or wall-mounted outdoor antenna offers
the best performance
• Uses:
– Home or small office networking and Internet connection
sharing
– Fixed WiMAX also finds its application as backhaul for Wi-Fi
hotspots, cellular base stations connection to base station
controller
 Mobile WiMAX
• Mobile WiMAX vision is to make broadband available everywhere
(i.e. at home, in the office, on the street, on car, on train, on vessel).
• Services like:
• music/video streaming, live TV broadcast, voice/video chatting,
Internet multiplayer game, large file download/upload from/to the
Internet, remote access to office LAN via VPN
• Mobile WiMAX bring broadband access experience to stationary as
well as walking users and those traveling at vehicular speed (up to
about 120 km/hour)
• Using devices such as laptop, PDA, and smart phone
• Higher spectral efficiency
 WiMAX Features
• A number of advanced techniques such as
• subchannelization,
• adaptive modulation and coding (AMC),
• AAS and MIMO

are also incorporated into WiMAX to make better in NLOS environment.

• Subchannelization allows WiMAX to concentrate transmit power on

sub-channel(s), increasing the reach of a signal.

• AMC in both downlink and uplink enables WiMAX to adjust modulation

and code rate dynamically based on each sub-channel condition and
data rate requirement.

• AAS can focus the WiMAX Base Station sector beam to the direction
of a user device.
• And MIMO can improve signal strength and throughput significantly with
every additional antenna at the BS and the SS.

• Uses Scheduling Algorithm: A method by which access is given to utilize a

resource.

• WiMAX uses a mechanism based on connections between the base station

and the user device. Each connection is based on specific scheduling
algorithms.

• Higher frequencies would decrease the range of a Base Station to a few

hundred meters in an urban environment

• Uses Antenna or Space Diversity techniques to improve the quality and

reliability of a wireless link
• HARQ-Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
Features WiMAX
802.16d Fixed WiMAX (the end user's wireless
termination point is fixed in location)

802.16e Mobile WiMAX

Data rate 3-70Mbps
Scheduling Algorithm Yes
Frequency Range (Mobile WiMAX) 2-11 GHz range
Access Technology SOFDMA
Multiple Antenna Input Support MIMO
Access Technology SOFDMA
Multiple Antenna Input Support MIMO
Carrier Bandwidth-Fixed WiMAX 3.5 MHz, 5 MHz, 7 MHz and 10
MHz.
Carrier Bandwidth-Mobile WiMAX 5 MHz, 8.75 MHz and 10 MHz
Features WiMAX
Antenna or Space Diversity
Error controlled Methods HARQ
Fixed WiMAX Download rate 512 kbps - 2 Mbps
Upload rate 128 kbps - 1 Mbps (PMP-
NLOS)
• WiMAX performance (throughput and range) is
determined by many factors:
– frequency band
– channel bandwidth
– duplexing scheme (TDD or FDD)
– modulation (whether BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, or 64-
QAM) and code rate
– antenna types –AAS and MIMO features
– LOS or NLOS
– transmit power
– receiver sensitivity
– and the number of users per base station sector.
 Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC)
• One of the techniques to increase the performance i.e. throughput, capacity, coverage or range,
indoor penetration
• Users with better SNR (closer to the BS) get higher order modulation, those farther from the BS
get lower order modulation, ensuring the best performance for each user within the BS coverage.
• Major Limitation:
– A commonly-held misconception is that WiMAX will deliver 70 Mbps over 50
kilometers (~31 miles). In reality, WiMAX can either operate at higher bit rates or
over longer distances but not both: operating at the maximum range of 50 km
increases bit error rate and thus results in a much lower bit rate. Conversely,
reducing the range (to <1 km) allows a device to operate at higher bit rates.
There are no known examples of WiMAX services being delivered at bit rates
over around 40 Mbit/s
– Hybrid ARQ performs better than ordinary ARQ in poor signal conditions, but it
comes at the expense of significantly lower throughput in good signal conditions
• Manufacturers:
o Intel Corporation is a promoter and developer of WiMAX chipsets.
o GCT Semiconductor, ApaceWave, Altair Semiconductor, Comsys, Motorola
with TI, NextWave Wireless, Wavesat, Coresonic and SySDSoft.
o Sequans and Wavesat manufacture products for both clients and network
o Texas Instruments, DesignArt, and picoChip are focused on WiMAX chip
sets for base stations.
WiMAX Base Station equipment with a
sector antenna and wireless modem on
top
 WiMAX Promises
• The maximum values are 50km coverage under LOS and 8km
under NLOS

• In Practice 7-10 km coverage is possible in fixed broad band

accesses and 200m-1km in portable devices
• WiMAX 802.16d Indoor CPE
 WiMAX Setup
• WiMAX subscriber units Indoor and Outdoor versions
are available from several manufacturers
 Associations
• WiMAX Forum -The WiMAX Forum is a non profit organization
formed to promote the adoption of WiMAX compatible products and
services
• WiMAX Spectrum Owners Alliance- WiSOA was the first
global organization composed exclusively of owners of WiMAX
spectrum with plans to deploy WiMAX technology in those bands.