TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

IN HIGH RISE BUILDINGS

GROUP 6
INTRODUCTION
Use of lift and escalator for a building to be designed precisely to
ensure the optimal level of consumption.
Design-lift and escalator should be submitted to an expert to
ensure best quality.
Internal circulation within the building is a process in which the
occupants in a building to move the pattern vertically, inclined and
horizontal.
Lift and escalator use is one of the means of transport in building
the most suitable for high building exceeding 4 floors (lift) and 2nd
floor (escalator)
DEFINITION OF ESCALATOR
An escalator a moving starcase
Escalators are continuous conveyors designed for moving large
numbers of people quickly and efficiently from one floor to another.
Unlike a normal lift installation it requires no waiting time, and in
order to achieve a similar service a large number of lifts occupying
more floor space would be required.
Principals areas of usage include department stores, shopping
malls, airport, transit system, convention centers, hotels, and
public buildings.

FUNCTION & LAYOUT ESCALATOR
The function is to provide convenience to passengers to
change from one unit to one unit ladder stairs to another.
Give good use, improve layout patterns and get an attractive
arrangement
Escalator layout concept can be divided into five types.
- Crisscross arrangement
- Parallel arrangement





Arrangements

Various arrangements may be used for escalators depending upon
the standard of service required and the cost of installation.

Location

In order to ensure maximum use an escalator should be located
where it can be easily seen, and in departmental stores it should
normally be possible to see over a wide area of the floors so as to
encourage sales.


ADVANTAGES OF ESCALATOR
Moving People
The escalator's primary attribute is its ability to move large
numbers of people at once from one area to another, with some
escalators, such as those in the London Underground,
spanning particularly long distances.
People can move both upward as well as downward when a
pair of escalators are typically deployed next to each other.
That is an advantage over an elevator, which can only go one
way at a time with generally a much smaller capacity.
Comfort
An escalator transports people automatically when switched on,
with individuals simply standing still.
As such, traveling on an escalator requires little physical
exertion.
People who experience pain or difficulty when walking are thus
able to traverse longer distances with ease and in relative
comfort.
Escalators offer plenty of space, too, especially when compared
to an elevator or narrow staircase where people may be
squashed together.

Efficiency
The purpose of an escalator is to transport people.
It performs this task efficiently, allowing individuals to move
between potentially many floors of a building in a relatively
short amount of time, when compared to a staircase, for
instance.
Because escalators are generally quite long, they allow a large
group of people to get on at once and reduce the need for
waiting periods typical of elevators.

Guidance
Escalators are effective when used as a means of guidance
and circulation.
In a complex transport situation, such as a city's subway hub,
people need to be kept on the go, particularly at busy times, to
reduce congestion and avoid excess waiting.
Escalators are efficient at keeping people moving from one
point to another.
When used as part of a museum or similar building, an
escalator is able to direct visitors to exhibitions or exits simply
by its appearance and the direction in which it's traveling.

Adjustable Speed
As part of its ability to reduce and control congestion, an
escalator offers an advantage to building managers in that its
speed can be adjusted to reflect how quickly crowds need to
move.
In a busy situation for example, an escalator can be made to
run slowly, so that passengers don't arrive in the same area as
an already substantial crowd.
Escalators can also save energy during quiet periods, since
they can be turned off, essentially becoming a staircase.

TYPES OF ESCALATOR
Model development and design types of escalators:


"Cleat-type"
escalators
"Step-type" escalators
Spiral escalators
CAPACITY OF ESCALATOR

Speed (m/s)
Passengers moved per hour for the stated number of
passengers per step
1 1.25 1.5 2
0.45
0.5
0.6
0.75
3500
4000
4500
6000
4500
5000
6000
7500
5500
6000
7000
9000
7000
8000
9000
12000
INSTALLATION OF ESCALATOR
A factory-assembled and tested escalator erected as a single unit
provides the quickest and most satisfactory method of installation.
The units are usually lifted in position by a tower crane and space
is therefore required on site for the crane and movement of the
units.
Alternatively, the escalator may be divided into sections and
assembled on site.
In design of the floor it is essential to take into account the load
imposed by the escalator and its passengers.

FIRE CONTROL
Local fire regulations should be consulted with regard to the type
of fire control required for escalators
There are such different types fire control described as follow:
1. Water sprinklers
2. Fireproof sliding shutter
3. Escalator hall
SAFETY DEVICE
There are some of different tools and security tools combined with
escalators for safety, all of the following are :
1. Comb plate switches actuated by any object caught between the
step and the teeth of the comb plate.
2. Overload relays that trip if the motor should take an excessive
current due to an overload, mechanical defect or any other
cause. The power supply is switched off and a brake applied,
bringing the escalator to a smooth stop.
3. Interlock contacts which open if the step chain stretches unduly
or breaks.
4. An overspeed governor to stop the escalator should it overspeed
in the 'down' direction.

5. Comb-plate lights to give confidence to nervous passengers by
lighting up the entry and exit points.
6. Switches to stop the escalator if any object is carried by the
handrail into the newel openings.

CONSTRUCTION
An escalator consists of a load-bearing steel truss structure which
supports the steps, step rollers, sprocket motor, worm gear and
electrical controls. There are three sections which are as follows:
1. Top
2. Centre
3. bottom

COMPONENT OF ESCALATOR
Step
Landing platform
Handrail
Frame construction
Electric motor
Track
Truss
ESCALATORS SAFETY TIPS
Wear Safe Clothes and Shoes
Dont Put Children in Strollers, carts, or walkers
Always Hold the Handrail
Always Face Forward
Keep Space
Always Secure Children
Avoid the Edges of Steps
Know Emergency Shut-off Buttons
SAFETY PROCEDURE IN REPAIRING AND
MAINTENANCE WORKS
Safe and easy ways and access routes with sufficient
headroom to the machinery spaces should be provided.
The enclosure and supporting structure should be sound
and free from defects.
The handrail, steps, combs and drive for steps should be
functioning properly.
The braking system and the manual control and emergency
stop switches should also be functioning properly.
TRAVELATORS (MOVING PAVEMENTS)
Known by some as
a horizontalator, movealator, walkalator, autowalk or movato
r), is a slow moving conveyor mechanism that transports
people across a horizontal or inclined plane over a short to
medium distance.
Moving walkways can be used by standing or walking on
them.
These are similar in construction to escalators, but are
intended for the horizontal movement of passengers; they
can, however, be inclined up to between 12
0
and 15 to the
horizontal.
The moving surface is either a reinforced rubber belt or a
series of linked steel plates running on rollers.
The speed is about 0.61.33 m/s with maximum lengths of
350 m.