BUILDING SERVICES

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE PART 4 FOR FIRE SAFETY

5 STAR HOTELS GROUP A-A6
Road abutting a high rise building (15 M and above) should
be minimum 12M wide.
Every highrise building shall have two remote accesses
minimum width 4.5M and clear height 5M.
If setback is greater than 12M then, parking can be done in
setback provided a 6M motorable internal road is provided.
Minimum setbacks to be left on all sides-


Height (Meters) Setbacks on all sides
(Meters)
15-18 6
18-21 7
21-24 8
24-27 9
27-30 10
30-35 11
35-40 12
FIRE FIGHTING WITH REFERENCE TO SITE
NATIONAL BUILDING CODE PART 4 FOR FIRE SAFETY
5 STAR HOTELS GROUP A-A6
Minimum distance between exits shall be 22.5m and the
distance can be increased by 50% if a sprinkler system has
been installed.
Exit doors shall be minimum 1000mm wide and >2000mm in
height. They shall always open outward such that the width of
the landing / space is minimum 900mm.
Height of corridors shall not be less than 2400mm.
Staircase
- Minimum of two staircases shall be provided for a building
higher than 15m enclosed type atleast one of them should
be on the external walls of the building opening outside.
- Minimum headroom of 2200mm in the passage under a
landing
- Minimum 2hr fire rating for staircase doors both main and
fire staircase.
- In normal conditions - 15pa pressure to be maintained in the
stair-block and during emergency conditions pressure to be
increased to 50pa.
- The lobby/corridor connected to the pressurized staircase
shall not be connected to the unpressurized staircase.



FIRE FIGHTING Design Criteria for buildings
FIRE DOOR WITH PUSH BAR ROOF MOUNTED FAN for
Maintaining pressure
Staircase pressurized by
Multiple injection with
roof mounted fan
Staircase pressurized by
Multiple injection with
ground mounted fan
REFUGE AREA
- For buildings above 24M height 15sqm area or 0.3sqm per person
for occupants of two floors, whichever is higher.
- One refuge area on the floor above 24M
- One refuge area on the floor above 39M
TYPE OF FIREFIGHTING SYSTEMS
- Wet Riser - An arrangement for fire fighting within the building by
means of vertical rising mains not less than 100mm nominal diameter with
landing valves on each floor/landing for fire fighting purposes and
permanently charged with water from a pressurized supply.
- Down Comer - An arrangement of fire fighting within the building by
means of down-comer pipe connected to terrace tank through terrace
pump, gate valve and non-return valve and having mains not less than
100mm internal diameter with landing valves on each floor/landing. It is
also fitted with inlet connections at ground level for charging with water
by pumping from fire service appliances and air release valve at roof
level to release trapped air inside.


FIRE FIGHTING Design Criteria for buildings
VARIOUS REFUGE AREA LAYOUTS
ROOF MOUNTED FAN
Four Point Sheraton
Building
Type
Fire
Extinguisher
Hose
Reel
Dry
Riser
Wet
Riser
Down
Comer
Yard
Hydrant
Auto.
Sprinkler
Sys.
Manualy
Operated
Sys.
UG Static
Water
Tank
Terrace
Tank
UG Fire
Tank
Pump
Terrace
Tank
Pump
Hotel (A-
6)
R R NR R NR R R R 2,00,000L 20,000 L Y NR
DOWN COMER ARRANGEMENT FOR
BUILDINGS THAT ARE 15-30M HIGH
WET RISER ARRANGEMENT AND SPRINKLER
SYSTEM FOR BUILDING EXCEEDING 30M
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM A system of water pipes fitted
with sprinkler heads at suitable intervals and heights and
designed to actuate automatically, control and extinguish a
fire by the discharge of water.
- If basement provided is used for car parking and area
thereof exceeds 750m
2
then the sprinklers shall be fed
water from both underground static water storage tank and
terrace tank.
- To be provided in buildings higher than 15M or floor area
more than 1000sqm.


FIRE FIGHTING Design Criteria for buildings
SPRINKLER SYSTEM COMPLETE LAYOUT
PROVISION OF FIRE HOSE CABINET each of the hose reels
should be able to reach to the last end of the building
wherever it is placed, the number shall be chosen accordingly -
150 dia wet-riser pipe for buildings taller than 15m.
PROVISION FOR PUMP ROOM - The pump house should be
located preferably outside the building with a minimum
clearance of 6 m from adjoining buildings. The pump house
should have adequate natural ventilation with windows.
- If pump room is placed in basement encased with walls
having a fire rating of 2hrs, with a door having rating of 1 hr.
- The pump room thus provided should be accessible by ramps

FIRE FIGHTING Design Criteria for buildings
FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
FHC WITH THE PIPES
PUMP ROOM FIRE FIGHTING TYPICAL LAYOUT OF TANKS & PUMP ROOM
PER PERSON USAGE IN 5 STAR HOTEL - AS PER NBC -
320L/DAY
CALCULATING SIZES OF WATER TANKS
- In case only UG tank is provided the size should be 50-150%
of one days requirements.
- In case of a combination of OHT and UGT, the division is
33.34 and 66.66 percent of one days requirement.
Average occupancy for a 5 star hotel 59.8% with average
140 rooms ( Survey by FHRAI, India)
- ( 20 single rooms 110 double rooms and 10 suites ) 280
persons
- 60% occupancy 168 persons 53,760 L/day as per NBC
- Actual figures vary for 5 Star hotels in the range of 1100-
1800 L per person per day ( Source United Nations
Environment Program)
- Assuming a figure of 1200 L /person per day-2,01,600L/day
- 66.66% UGT Approx . 134400 and 33.34% OHT 67,200



PLUMBING Design Criteria for buildings
Drawing showing Layout of pump room and UG soft and raw
water tanks.
Functions Area in ( sqm )
UG TANK 80 (HEIGHT 4.5M)
PUMP ROOM 40
OHT TANK 30
TYPES OF PUMPING SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLY OF WATER-
DIRECT SUPPLY SYSTEM This system is adopted only if there is enough
pressure in the city supply mains to the pipes which doesnt work
above 2-3 floors.
DIRECT PUMPING SYSTEM This system is most commonly used in hotels
due to various functions that need to be performed.
- Constant supply to air cooling towers
- Water is directly pumped into the distribution system and overhead
is provided to supply water to the flushing systems. The pumps are
controlled by a pressure switch a jockey pump works when low
water requirement is there.

PLUMBING Design Criteria for buildings
BASIC HVAC SYSTEMS -
- The chilled water system supplies chilled water for the
cooling needs of all the buildings air-handling units
(AHUs). The system includes a chilled water pump
which circulates the chilled water through the
chillers evaporator section and through the cooling
coils of the AHUs. The system may have primary and
secondary chilled water pumps in order to isolate the
chiller(s) from the building: the primary pumps
- Variable Refrigerant Volume/Flow system is a cooling
and heating system wherein instead of water a
refrigerant reaches the FCU.
Major advantages of a VRV system are
- Reduced equipment no machine room required (
for chillers)
- Each room in the hotel can be air-conditioned
individually. VRV system is ideal for the constantly
changing occupancy levels in hotels, as the units can
be shut off when occupancy is low.
- AHUs can be replaced by the VRV unit itself on all
floors.
HVAC Design Criteria for buildings
Chiller Plant Cooling System
VRV Cooling System
SPACE REQUIREMENTS FOR CHILLED WATER SYSTEM
- SPACE FOR COOLING TOWERS Depends on the
tonnage
refrigeration capacity around 80 sqm of space.
- SPACE FOR AHUs ON FLOORS - 12 sqm
- SPACE FOR CHILLERS 25 sqm
SPACE REQUIREMENTS FOR VRF/VRV SYSTEM
- OUTDOOR UNIT Depends on tonnage all units
can be placed on terrace or on individual floors
1.5sqm per unit

HVAC Design Criteria for buildings
Supply and return air vents
VRV/VRF long piping efficiency
Fan Coli Unit - Mechanism






Less than 94 db level as per CPCB located such that
there is no effect to the indoor sound levels.
Stack Height H = h+0.2 X Ykva
- H= Stack Height, h= height of building, Y=Kva rating
Panel room An aisle space of atleast 1200mm for
proper movement between two panels and also for
proper hear dissipation air conditioned space.
Transformers Oil Based transformers shall always be
kept in open space whereas dry transformers can be
placed indoors ( including basements)
Electrical Room Air conditioned space



POWER SUPPLY Design Criteria for buildings
Functions Area in ( sqm )
DG SET 80
PANEL ROOM 100
SUBSTATION/TRANSFORME
R SPACE
75
ELECTRICAL ROOM 10/FLOOR

Provision of AHUs for the all spaces.
Outdoor unit can be placed for the cold storage
inside kitchens.
Also helps in changing structural configuration in
situations where floating columns are provided.
Minimum height of 1.8 m to be provided.



SERVICE FLOOR Design Criteria for buildings