BIOLOGY SET #4

SINGLE
CELL
MANY CELLS
1. prokaryote organisms whose cells
lack a nucleus and other organelles
not very complex
unicellular (1 prokaryote by
itself is an organism)
the first type of cells were
prokaryotes
example: bacteria

2. Eukaryote organisms whose cells
contain a nucleus and organelles
more complex
can be unicellular or
multicellular (many
eukaryotes work together
to make up 1 organism)
larger than a prokaryote
examples plant and animal
cells
1. A single-celled organism that does not have a nucleus
is a(n)



2. An organism made of one or more cells that has a
nucleus is a(n)



3. What type of cell has complex, specialized organelles?

*Found only in
eukaryotic cells,
and contains DNA

*Genetic code tells
the cells parts what
to do


Nucleus is surrounded
by:
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
*ALSO KNOWN AS NUCLEAR
ENVELOPE
*CONTROLS WHAT GOES IN
AND OUT OF NUCLEUS.
1. GIVE A FUNCTION OF THE NUCLEUS.


2. TRUE OR FALSE: THE NUCLEOLUS IS WHERE
LIPIDS ARE MADE.


3. WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR THE NUCLEAR
MEMBRANE?





*SURROUNDED BY A
DOUBLE MEMBRANE
*Converts energy stored
in foods into compounds
that are more convenient
for the cell to use, which
is called ATP.
Uses energy from
sunlight to make
own food (glucose)
in the process of
photosynthesis.
Double membrane
1. Organelle that uses energy from organic compounds to
make ATP


2. The Mitochondria and Chloroplast are considered to be
________________membrane bound organelles.


3. Which structure is highly needed for the process of
photosynthesis?


Gets rid of unwanted and old
materials from the cell
Makes proteins
High way system of the cells,
transports materials within the cell


Ribosomes: place where proteins and enzymes
(speed up bodies chemical reactions) are made
can be found floating in the cytoplasm
can also be found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

*2 KINDS: SMOOTH or ROUGH

* Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
a system of membranes that
aids in making proteins and
providing a highway system
connecting many organelles
together.
1. Name the two types of ER.



2. Cell structure on which proteins are made:



3. Membranes that move proteins and other substances
through the cell like a highway system.

***Active transport requires energy
from the cell.***



What are some specific types of active
transport?
Isotonic solution
*water goes in and out of the cell
at the same rate



Hypertonic solution-
*water moves out of cell

Hypotonic solution-
*water moves into cell
1. Simple diffusion - the gradual mixing of two or
more substances by random motion

2. Osmosis - the diffusion of water across a
membrane

3. Facilitated diffusion - when large substances
move across the membrane
through protein carriers


1. Endocytosis process in which cell ingest (take
in) outside fluid, and other large bulk particles

part of the cell membrane pinches off and the outside
materials are held in a vesicle


2. Exocytosis - when a vesicle fuses with the cell
membrane and releases its contents out of the cell


1. THE FOLLOWING PICTURE IS WHAT TYPE OF ACTIVE
TRANSPORT?








2. OSMOSIS IS THE TRANSFER OF
_______________________ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE?

3. WHAT TYPE OF SOLUTION TAKES IN WATER AND MAKES THE
CELL LARGER?