Date : 15/01/07 Page No :1

1. What factors affecting resistance?

(A) Material only
(B) Area and temperature
(C) Length, material, area and temperature.

2. Which one of the circuit protecting device can be reset?

(A) Fuses
(B) Circuit Breaker
(C) Contactor/Relay

3. Which direction of current flow in Conventional Current Flow?

(A) From positive terminal to negative terminal
(B) From negative terminal to positive terminal
(C) From negative to positive then to negative terminals
Mini Quiz to check your understanding
Date : 15/01/07 Page No :2
5. Resistance / Resistor
Purpose
- to control the amount of current flow by
converting some of the electrical energy
that flows through the circuit into heat.

Two types of resistors
- Fixed resistor

- Variable resistor
or
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Fixed resistors has three common types :

Composition resistor
- mixture of carbon and insulating material.

Film resistor
- a thin layer or film of resistive material wrapped
around a nonconductive ceramic core material.

Wire wound resistor
- used when a great deal of power to be
dissipated
5. Resistance / Resistor (contd)
End Cap Coating Axial Lead
Ceramic Core Resistance Film
End Cap Coating Axial Lead
Ceramic Core Resistance Film
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Composition Resistor
Film Resistor
Wire Wound Resistor
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Variable resistor - three terminals & two types

Rheostat - to control current in a circuit.


5. Resistance / Resistor (contd)
1
+
-
2
1
+
-
2
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5. Resistance / Resistor (contd)

Potentiometer - to control voltage in a circuit
1
+
-
2
V
1
+
-
2
V
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5. Resistance / Resistor (contd)
Thermistor
A type of resistor used to measure
temperature changes, relying on the change
in its resistance with changing temperature.
Depends on the material coefficient
temperature.
- positive coefficient temperature, or
- negative coefficient temperature
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5. Resistance / Resistor (contd)
Voltage-Dependent Resistors

Varistors (Variable Resistors) are voltage-
dependent resistors with a symmetrical V / I
characteristic curve, whose resistance
decreases with increasing voltage.
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The value of resistor can be determined by

By using an ohmmeter.

Color band.

Body, tip ,spot (BOTS).
5. Resistance / Resistor (contd)
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5. Resistance / Resistor (contd)
Check resistor value using an Ohmmeter
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Resistor value using color bands :

1st band - 1st figure.
2nd band - 2nd figure.
3rd band - number of zeros (multiplier).
4th band - tolerance in percentage.
- gold 5%
- silver 10%
- no forth band 20%
If the ohmic value is < 10,
then silver or gold for third band.
5. Resistance / Resistor (contd)
5% - Gold
10% - Silver
5% - Gold
10% - Silver
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5. Resistance / Resistor (contd)
a. First Band Brown
b. Second Band Black
c. Third Band Yellow
d. Fourth Band - Gold
R = ?
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Determined the value of this resistor using color band?
R = ? R = ?
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Resistor value using BOTS (use color code):
Body - 1st figure.
Tip - 2nd figure.
Spot - number of zeros.



5. Resistance / Resistor (contd)
Tip Second Figure
Dot of Band Multiplier
Body First Figure
Tip Second Figure
Dot of Band Multiplier
Body First Figure
Tip Second Figure
Dot of Band Multiplier
Body First Figure
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There are few example to help you to remember
the color code in its proper order.


Example:
Buy Better Resistance Or Your Grid Bias May Go Wrong
Bad Boy Rape Our Young Girl But Virgin Go Without
Bye Bye Rosie On You Go
to
Birgmingham Via Great Western

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
5. Resistance / Resistor (contd)
Black, Brown, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet, Gray, White
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The following are some example for other
standard to determine the resistor value

BS 1852 Coding for resistor values
- The letter R is used for Ohms and K for Kohms, M for Megohms
and placed where the decimal point would go.
- At the end is a letter that represents tolerance.
Where M=20%, K=10%, J=5%, G=2%, and F=1% D=0.5%
C=0.25 B=0.1%

Example: R33 0.33 ohm , 2R2 2.2 ohms , 1K2 1.2k ohms ,
4M7 4.7M ohms , 5K6G 5.6K ohms 2%
5. Resistance / Resistor (contd)
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5. Resistance / Resistor (contd)
Military specification for resistor
- MIL-R-11
- MIL-R-39008
- MIL-R-39017
- There are other MIL-R- standards.
Example : RCR07C1003F 100K ohms W 1%,

RCR07C4700G 470 ohms W 2%,

RCR07C2071G 2.7K ohms W 2%,
Date : 15/01/07 Page No :19
5. Resistance / Resistor (contd)
Power Rating at 70C
Power
rating
(Watts)
MIL-R-11
Style
MIL-R-39008
Style
1/8 RC05 RCR05
RC07 RCR07
RC20 RCR20
1 RC32 RCR32
2 RC42 RCR42
3 - -
4 - -
Tolerance Code
Industrial
type
designation
Tolerance
MIL
Designation
5 5% J
2 20% -
1 10% K
- 2% G
- 1% F
- 0.5% D
- 0.25% C
- 0.1% B
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Resistor is rated as Ohm and Watts
5. Resistance / Resistor (contd)
The bigger the size of a
resistor, the higher the
current it can allow to
flow without overheating
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END OF TOPIC 5
RESISTANCE / RESISTOR