THE HISTORY OF

THE HISTORY OF
PLANNING AND
SETTLEMENTS
THE BEGINNINGS
In the the long history from camp to villages, a handful of
innovations accelerated the art of settlement designs.
Agricultural societies needed a system of easy land
division for crop planning and land ownership.
They also needed a system of land plotting for redivision
and reapportionment after a flood, an annual event on the
Nile,the Tigris and Euphrates
Rectiliniear Plotting suited all these needs:
a. As the logic of the plow led to rectilinear plotting in the field,the geometry
of mud brick house construction as well as the need easy land division led to
rectilinear plotting in the town
b. It was used in the ancient Greek towns, in Roman colonial outposts and in
the Indian,Chinese and Pre Columbian cities

EVOLUTION OF PLANNING
Planning started to be developed as a
discipline in the 19th century as a reaction
to the problems created by the Industrial
Revolution, e.g. worker exploitation,
urbanization, congestion, pollution,
dilapidation, disorderly land use,
unemployment, anomie, etc.
Paleolithic Times
(Before 10,000 years ago)
Man was hunter and gatherer with no
definite territorial space, although he lived
in caves.
When man discovered fire, he became a
second-level consumer that started his
tendency to stay put in one place
Neolithic Revolution
(10,000 to 5,000 years ago)
Agriculture was born, although still of the
shifting agriculture type.
Plant and animal domestication was
initiated
Man shifted from food collection to food
production and created surpluses that in
turn led to population increases.
The village was formed where surplus
food was stored
Urban Revolution
(5,000 years ago)
Sedentary cultivation ensued
Village evolved into the city, e.g. those in
the Tigris-Euphrates, Nile, Indus, and
Hwang Ho river valleys
Greater production of surplus resulted to
population increase
Specialization emerged and created
secondary and tertiary activities and an
urban way of life
Industrial Revolution (1750)
Industrialism emerged
More sophisticated specialization occurred
and with introduction of mechanization in
rural areas, there was discoloration that
led to urbanization
Timeline and
Chronological Matrix of
Planning Cities and
Settlements
Cluster One
Timeline and Chronological Matrix of Planning Cities and Settlements
Time Period 4000 B.C. 500 B.C.
Prevailing Influences Mystical/ Religious/ Spiritual
Zoroatrianism, Judaism, Buddhism, Taoism,
Confucianism, Vedanta, Monism, Jainism
Dominating Ideology Preoccupation with cosmology, deities, death and the
afterlife
Development Orientation (Policies) Temples central to the settlements; built along or near
rivers and based on cosmological concepts such as Kan
Yu or Feng Shui; the king is the decision-maker
Planner Priest
Planners of Influence/ Stature on
Record
Imhotep, advisor to Pharaoh Zoser
Influential Planning Works Considered as the Inventor of the Pyramid; laid out
Zosers capital city and funerary temple complex
Planning Concern Outcomes Formal overall shape and regular grid layout of Harappa,
Kabangan and Mohejo-Daro, the oldest complete cities
known; Orthogonal grid as seen in an Egyptian workers
camp dated 2670 B.C.; Mandala basic scheme for city
form.
Ur (200,000); Ninevah;
Thebes (250,000); Karnak;
Teotihuacan; Angkor Wat;
Jerusalem (2,000-20,000)
Time Period 400 B.C. 146 B.C.
Prevailing Influences Ordering of society based on rational thinking
Teachings of Aristotle & Plato
Dominating Ideology Greek Democracy through the establishment of a moral
and political form of citizenship
Development Orientation (Policies) Rational structuring of settlements anchored on the
interaction of citizens: the polls or democratic decision
making
Planner-Philosopher
Record
Hippodamus, trained as an architect and considered as
the first city planner
Influential Planning Works Developed the first philosophical basis for physical
planning in cities by studying Sumerian and Egyptian
cities
Planning Concern Outcomes Rectangular street system or gridiron system theorized as
needed to give a geometrical form of urban spaces.
Residential blocks designed to enable houses to be
serviced and linked to public building & spaces. Houses
arranged to guarantee privacy. Acropolis; Agora, Pnyx,
Amphitheatre; Hippodrome
Miletus; Priene; Port of Athens; Rhodes; Thurli; Athens
(140,000)
(Ideal city- 10,000)
Time Period 27 B.C. 334 A.D.
Prevailing Influences Ambition to set up a one world empire
Military domination
(Seed of the life and teaching of Christ)
Dominating Ideology Roman concept of one world order of different peoples
sharing the same laws and leader: The Roman Empire
Imperialism; Syncretism
Development Orientation (Policies) World conquest and their eventual integration to Rome;
Emperor-deity decision-maker
Planner Engineer
Record
Vitruvius, a Roman architect and engineer
Influential Planning Works Assimilated the treatises written by his contemporaries
and formulated a number of books on architecture
Planning Concern Outcomes Castrum or army camp model for planned Roman
settlements beginning as colonial or garrison towns; bounded
by rectangular walls with gridded layout of residential areas
divided into four quarters by two main streets which crossed
the forum and ended in four gates; bridges; aqueducts;
highways; apartment blocks; eight-storey buildings with 70ft.
height limit: first zoning Grand Forums of Emperors
Rome (250,000-2,000,000)
Destruction of Jerusalem, 70 A.D.
Time Period 400 1300
Prevailing Influences
Fall of Roman Empire
Disintegration of the Imperial Roman World Spatial System
Establishment of Feudal fiefdom and Ecclesiastical Centers
First Universities
Dominating Ideology
Roman Christianity/ Islam
(Barbarism/ Anarchy)
Mercantilism
Development Orientation (Policies)
Restructuring of Roman cities to feudal fortresses and castles
serving city-states
Evolution of medieval & security centers
Establishment of towns centered on the church
Planner Merchant
Record
None recording of extensive influence
Influential Planning Works
Most of planning works were actually restructuring of existing
settlements
Planning Concern Outcomes
Typical town layout: church or cathedral integrated with town
square, guildhalls, castles and walls. Most planning on site level such
as civic squares and town halls
Florence (90,000)
Venice (200,000)
Paris (240,000)
Cordoba (500,000)
First University towns: Bologna; Paris; Salermo; Oxford; Toulouse
Jerusalem revived as city ruled alternately by Christian Byzantine
and Muslim Turks
Rise of colonizing powers such as Spain and Portugal; Invention of
gunpowder & printing Flower of Renaissance & Baroque
(Deprivation & oppression of common people)
Dominating Ideology
Papal Christianity
Monarchy
Humanism
Planning in cities more artistic than substantive. Basic form &
pattern of cities unchanged: more architecture than planning.
Structures built as symbols of influence & power. Architects-
planners accorded high importance
Planner Artist Design Theorist
Record
Brunelleschi, Michaelangelo, Leonardo Italy
Wren, Jones England
Mansart, Fontaine France
St. Peters Square
Plazza San Marco in Venice
Unearthing of Vitruviuss work
Laws of the Indies
The development of the axis style of city design; Use of formal
plazas & squares; opening up of spaces in old walled cities; use of
open spaces as symbols; monumentalism & grandeur;
embellishment of city axis to symbolize radiance of monarchs &
rulers; revival of classic ideas of urban design; assimilation of the
mandala concept.
Palm Nouva
St. Petersburg
Mannheim
Edinburg
Timeline and Chronological Matrix of Planning Cities and Settlements:Cluster One
Time Period 4000 B.C. 500 B.C. 400 B.C. 146 B.C. 27 B.C. 334 A.D. 400 1300 1400 1600
Prevailing
Influences
Mystical/ Religious/
Spiritual
Zoroatrianism, Judaism,
Buddhism, Taoism,
Confucianism,
Vedanta, Monism,
Jainism
Ordering of society
based on rational
thinking
Teachings of Aristotle &
Plato
Ambition to set up a
one world empire
Military domination
(Seed of the life and
teaching of
Christ)

Fall of Roman Empire
Disintegration of the
Imperial Roman
World Spatial System
Establishment of
Feudal fiefdom and
Ecclesiastical Centers
First Universities
Rise of colonizing
powers such as Spain
and Portugal;
Invention of
gunpowder & printing
Flower of Renaissance
& Baroque

(Deprivation &
oppression of
common people)
Dominating
Ideology
Preoccupation with
cosmology,
deities, death and
the afterlife
Greek Democracy
through the
establishment of a
moral and political
form of citizenship
Roman concept of one
world order of
different peoples
sharing the same laws
and leader: The
Roman Empire
Imperialism;
Syncretism
Roman Christianity/
Islam
(Barbarism/ Anarchy)
Mercantilism
Papal Christianity
Monarchy
Humanism
Development
Orientation
(Policies)
Temples central to the
settlements; built
along or near rivers
and based on
cosmological concepts
such as Kan Yu or
Feng Shui; the king is
the decision-maker

Planner Priest
Rational structuring of
settlements anchored
on the interaction of
citizens: the polls or
democratic decision
making

Planner-Philosopher
World conquest and
their eventual
integration to Rome;
Emperor-deity
decision-maker

Planner Engineer
Restructuring of Roman
cities to feudal
fortresses and castles
serving city-states
Evolution of medieval &
security centers
Establishment of towns
centered on the
church

Planner Merchant
Planning in cities more
artistic than
substantive. Basic
form & pattern of
cities unchanged:
more architecture
than planning.
Structures built as
symbols of influence
& power. Architects-
planners accorded
high importance

Planner Artist
Design Theorist
Time Period 4000 B.C. 500 B.C. 400 B.C. 146 B.C. 27 B.C. 334 A.D. 400 1300 1400 1600
Planners of
Influence/
Stature on
Record
Imhotep, advisor to
Pharaoh Zoser
Hippodamus, trained as
an architect and
considered as the first
city planner
Vitruvius, a Roman
architect and engineer
None recording of
extensive influence
Brunelleschi,
Michaelangelo,
Leonardo Italy
Wren, Jones England
Mansart, Fontaine
France
Influential
Planning
Works
Considered as the
Inventor of the
Pyramid; laid out
Zosers capital city and
funerary temple
complex
Developed the first
philosophical basis for
physical planning in
cities by studying
Sumerian and Egyptian
cities
Assimilated the
treatises written by his
contemporaries and
formulated a number
of books on
architecture
Most of planning works
were actually
restructuring of
existing settlements
St. Peters Square
Plazza San Marco in
Venice
Unearthing of
Vitruviuss work
Laws of the Indies
Time
Period
4000 B.C. 500 B.C. 400 B.C. 146 B.C. 27 B.C. 334 A.D. 400 1300 1400 1600
Planning
Concern
Outcomes
Formal overall shape
and regular grid layout
of Harappa, Kabangan
and Mohejo-Daro, the
oldest complete cities
known; Orthogonal
grid as seen in an
Egyptian workers
camp dated 2670 B.C.;
Mandala basic scheme
for city form.

Ur (200,000);
Ninevah;
Thebes (250,000);
Karnak;
Teotihuacan; Angkor
Wat;
Jerusalem (2,000-
20,000)
Rectangular street
system or gridiron
system theorized as
needed to give a
geometrical form of
urban spaces.

Residential blocks
designed to enable
houses to be serviced
and linked to public
building & spaces.
Houses arranged to
guarantee privacy.
Acropolis; Agora, Pnyx,
Amphitheatre;
Hippodrome

Miletus; Priene; Port of
Athens; Rhodes; Thurli;
Athens (140,000)
(Ideal city- 10,000)
Castrum or army camp
model for planned
Roman settlements
beginning as colonial
or garrison towns;
bounded by
rectangular walls with
gridded layout of
residential areas
divided into four
quarters by two main
streets which crossed
the forum and ended
in four gates; bridges;
aqueducts; highways;
apartment blocks;
eight-storey buildings
with 70ft. height limit:
first zoning Grand
Forums of Emperors

Rome (250,000-
2,000,000)
Destruction of
Jerusalem, 70 A.D.
Typical town layout:
church or cathedral
integrated with town
square, guildhalls,
castles and walls. Most
planning on site level
such as civic squares
and town halls

Florence (90,000)
Venice (200,000)
Paris (240,000)
Cordoba (500,000)
First University towns:
Bologna; Paris;
Salermo; Oxford;
Toulouse
Jerusalem revived as
city ruled alternately
by Christian Byzantine
and Muslim Turks
The development of the
axis style of city design;
Use of formal plazas &
squares; opening up of
spaces in old walled cities;
use of open spaces as
symbols; monumentalism
& grandeur;
embellishment of city axis
to symbolize radiance of
monarchs & rulers; revival
of classic ideas of urban
design; assimilation of the
mandala concept.

Palm Nouva
St. Petersburg
Mannheim
Edinburg
Cluster Two
Religious Missions
Social Unrest due to Inequity
Industrial Revolution
American Independence
French Revolution
Scientific Efficiency
Dominating Ideology
Religious Christianity
Liberal Democracy
Capitalism (Adam Smith)
Socialism
Mission Towns
Industrialization
Restructuring of cities to facilitate Industrial productivity
Development of Transportation Networks
Planner Industrialist
Record
Religious Orders
Planners of Industrial Cities
Reducciones
Deplorable factory towns
Religious colonial towns
Laying of transportation facilitites over existing settlement patterns
causing grave incompatibilities
New phenomena of city-life journey to work
Separation of places of residence
Prevailing Influences Growth of industrial Cities
Problems of Industrialization
Housing and Public Health Concerns
Social Equity Concerns
Dominating Ideology State Intervention, Marxism
Utilitarianism
Utopianism
Development Orientation (Policies) Cooperative Housing Schemes
Self-contained community housed in megastructures
Sanitary housing concept
Local government initiative
Planner Reformist
Record
Robert Owen
Charles Fourier
Influential Planning Works New Lanark in England
New Harmony, Indiana
Brook Farm, Massachusetts
Planning Concern Outcomes Development of water-borne sewage systems in Britain
Prussian Lines Act
Kingdom of Saxony
Building Law
Other Legislations
Failure of Utopian Communities
London (1,000,000)
Prevailing Influences Clamor for Civic Beauty
Growing Sponsorship of Municipal Art
Widespread Grassroots Interest in Civic Improvement
Outdoor art and recreational spaces
Dominating Ideology Municipal Art Movement
City Beautiful Movement
Development Orientation (Policies) Institutionalization of the aesthetic consideration in civic
planning and design
Planner Civic Designer
Record
Camillo Sitte
Frederick Law Olmstead Jr.
Daniel Burnham
Georges-Eugene Hausmann
Influential Planning Works Art of Building Cities, 1898
New York Central Park, 1857
Chicago Plan, 1909
Paris Plan, 1855
Planning Concern Outcomes Integration of ideas of municipal art, civic improvement &
landscape design
Focus on those elements which the government had clear
control streets, public art, building and spaces; civic
center, boulevard, parkway.
More to impress that to serve people.
Vienna, Cologne, Munich, Berlin, Chicago, Washington
Crowding and congestion of industrial cities
Challenge to consolidate scientific efficiency, social equity and civic
beauty into one integral approach
Opening of Japan to west
Dominating Ideology
Garden City Movement
Aspiration of combining the features of town & country in a self-
contained settlement with a set population in a green area of
farmland linked to the central city by a railway.
Planner Theorist
Record
Ebenezer Howard / F. Osborn
A. Soria y Mata/ Benolt-Levy
Raymond Unwin/ B. Parker
C. Stein, H. Wright, C. Perry
Le Corbusier
Garden Cities of Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Social Reform, 1898
Linear City: Cite Jardin Neighborhood Unit-Radburn
Ville Radieuse (Radiant City)
All the land, about 1,000 acres would be owned singly in public trust.
Population & development would be staged
Until a maximum of 3,000 were housed. A green belt of 5,000 acres of
agri land would surround the city. There would be a mixture of
land uses to insure social and economic self-sufficiency.
Letchworth, Hampstead Garden
Suburb, Madrid, Radburn
World War I, 1917 1918
Bolshevik Revolution 1917
Influx of immigrants to US
Roaring 1920s
Great Stock Market Crash, 1929
Depression
New Deal of US President Roosevelt
Dominating Ideology
Regional Planning
Large-scale Comprehensive Planning
Physical Planning could not improve urban living conditions unless
it were integrated with social & economic planning in the context
of environmental concern. It could occur on a regional scale
Planner Regionalist
Record
Patrick Geddes
Lewis Mumford
Stein, Wright, Bauer
Edward Basset, R. Tugwell
Frank Lloyd Wright
Cities in Evolution, 1915
The Culture of Cities, 1938
New York Zoning Ordinance
Broadacre City
Make planning scientific by basing plans on systematic analysis of
information on the natural and social environment
Survey-Analysis-Plan
Increased land value concept thru zoning
Master Planning
Tennessee Valley Authority 1933
Resettlement Administration
City Realty Corporation
Regional Planning Agencies in New York, over 67 states in 1931
Time Period 1601 1800 1801 1850 1851 1900 1898 1930 1915 1940
Prevailing
Influences
Religious Missions
Social Unrest due to
Inequity
Industrial Revolution
American Independence
French Revolution
Scientific Efficiency
Growth of industrial
Cities
Problems of
Industrialization
Housing and Public
Health Concerns
Social Equity Concerns
Clamor for Civic Beauty
Growing Sponsorship of
Municipal Art
Widespread Grassroots
Interest in Civic
Improvement
Outdoor art and
recreational spaces
Crowding and
congestion of
industrial cities
Challenge to consolidate
scientific efficiency,
social equity and civic
beauty into one
integral approach
Opening of Japan to
west
World War I, 1917
1918
Bolshevik Revolution
1917
Influx of immigrants to
US
Roaring 1920s
Great Stock Market
Crash, 1929
Depression
New Deal of US
President Roosevelt
Dominating
Ideology
Religious Christianity
Liberal Democracy
Capitalism (Adam
Smith)
Socialism
State Intervention,
Marxism
Utilitarianism
Utopianism
Municipal Art Movement
City Beautiful Movement
Garden City Movement Regional Planning
Large-scale
Comprehensive
Planning
Development
Orientation
(Policies)
Mission Towns
Industrialization
Restructuring of cities to
facilitate Industrial
productivity
Development of
Transportation
Networks
Planner Industrialist
Cooperative Housing
Schemes
Self-contained
community housed in
megastructures
Sanitary housing concept
Local government
initiative
Planner Reformist
Institutionalization of
the aesthetic
consideration in civic
planning and design
Planner Civic Designer
Aspiration of combining
the features of town
& country in a self-
contained settlement
with a set population
in a green area of
farmland linked to the
central city by a
railway.
Planner Theorist
Physical Planning could
not improve urban
living conditions
unless it were
integrated with social
& economic planning
in the context of
environmental
concern. It could
occur on a regional
scale
Planner Regionalist
Timeline and Chronological Matrix of Planning Cities and Settlements:
Cluster Two
Time Period 1601 1800 1801 1850 1851 1900 1898 1930 1915 1940
Planners of
Influence/
Stature on
Record
Religious Orders
Planners of Industrial
Cities
(Productivity)
Robert Owen
Charles Fourier
Camillo Sitte
Frederick Law Olmstead
Jr.
Daniel Burnham
Georges-Eugene
Hausmann
Ebenezer Howard / F.
Osborn
A. Soria y Mata/ Benolt-
Levy
Raymond Unwin/ B.
Parker
C. Stein, H. Wright, C.
Perry
Le Corbusier
Patrick Geddes
Lewis Mumford
Stein, Wright, Bauer
Edward Basset, R.
Tugwell
Frank Lloyd Wright
Influential
Planning
Works
Reducciones
Deplorable factory
towns
New Lanark in England
New Harmony, Indiana
Brook Farm,
Massachusetts
Art of Building Cities,
1898
New York Central Park,
1857
Chicago Plan, 1909
Paris Plan, 1855
Garden Cities of
Tomorrow: A Peaceful
Path to Social Reform,
1898
Linear City: Cite Jardin
Neighborhood Unit-
Radburn
Ville Radieuse (Radiant
City)
Cities in Evolution, 1915
The Culture of Cities,
1938
New York Zoning
Ordinance
Broadacre City
Planning
Concern
Outcomes
Religious colonial towns
Laying of transportation
facilitites over existing
settlement patterns
causing grave
incompatibilities
New phenomena of
city-life journey to
work
Separation of places of
residence
Development of water-
borne sewage systems
in Britain
Prussian Lines Act
Kingdom of Saxony
Building Law
Other Legislations
Failure of Utopian
Communities
London (1,000,000)
Integration of ideas of
municipal art, civic
improvement &
landscape design
Focus on those
elements which the
government had clear
control streets,
public art, building
and spaces; civic
center, boulevard,
parkway.
More to impress that to
serve people.
Vienna, Cologne,
Munich, Berlin,
Chicago, Washington
All the land, about
1,000 acres would be
owned singly in public
trust. Population &
development would be
staged
Until a maximum of
3,000 were housed. A
green belt of 5,000
acres of agri land
would surround the
city. There would be a
mixture of land uses to
insure social and
economic self-
sufficiency.
Letchworth, Hampstead
Garden
Suburb, Madrid,
Radburn
Make planning scientific
by basing plans on
systematic analysis of
information on the
natural and social
environment
Survey-Analysis-Plan
Increased land value
concept thru zoning
Master Planning
Tennessee Valley
Authority 1933
Resettlement
Administration
City Realty Corporation
Regional Planning
Agencies in New York,
over 67 states in
1931
Cluster Three
Prevailing Influences World War II
US-USSR Cold War
Post War Reconstruction
Establishment of the IMF-IBRD-WB
Communist China
Dominating Ideology Roosevelt New Deal
Welfare State
Marxism Leninism
Development Orientation (Policies) Strong State Initiative and Involvement
New Town-Development
Suburbanization
Planner Expert
Record
Patrick Abercrombie
Herbert Simon
(Von Thunen-Weber-Christaller-Losch)
Influential Planning Works 1944 Greater London Plan
1947 British Town and Country Planning Act
(Location theory)
Planning Concern Outcomes Emphasis on physical form & spatial arrangement
Functional & Compact Settlements
Rational Comprehensive Planning Model
End of British Rule in Jerusalem; Transferred to Jordan
Rapid Economic Growth
Application of Development Models
Dominating Ideology
Technical Efficiency
Systems Analysis
Integration of Land Use and Transportation
Economic Functionalism
City Modernization
Construction of Freeways
Urban Renewal
Strategic Infrastructure
Frameworks
Master Planning
Planner Bureaucrat
Record
(Vincent Scully)
Jane Jacobs -Herbert Gans, M. Anderson, Robert Moses Walter Isard
Mitchell Rapkin Charles Lindblom
S.F. Embarcadero Freeway
London Convent Garden
Stockholm Renewal
Le Halles Redevelopment
Jane Jacobs: The Death & Life of Great American Cities / Urbanism
Vehicle Anchored Development
Urban Segregation and Compartmentalization
Threatened Community Life
Integration of Locational Analysis to Planning Education
Transportation Planning
Takeover of Jerusalem by Israel after the Six-Day War in 1967
Rapid Growth of Third World Cities; Awareness of Environmental
Degradation; Inner City Problems; Emergence of NGOs; Influence
of Multilateral Funding Agencies; National and Local Government
Conflict
Dominating Ideology
Government-led development anchored on professional expertise
State initiative and implementation in consultation with people 1972
UN Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm 1976 UN
Conference on Human Settlements, Vancouver
Habitat I
Planner Consultant Advocate
Record
Constantinos A. Doxiados
Paul Davidoff
(John Portman)
(Manuel Castells-David Harvey)
John Mcloughlin
Ekistics/ Ecumenopoilis
(Hyatt Regency/ Peach Tree Center)
Sites and Services
Public Housing
Prefabricated Housing
Slum Clearance and Upgrading
Large scale Office Hotel
Complexes
Systems Planning (process)
Advocacy Planning Model
Social Learning/ Communicative
Action Planning Model
Islamabad-Khartoum-Baghdad
People Power Phenomenon
Collapse of Socialist Countries
Recognition of Indigenous Approaches to Development
Gulf War
Dominating Ideology
New Right: Liberalization and Privatization of (Thatcherism)
Reaganomics
Planning as projects or as real estate development
Public-Private Partnership
Enterprise Zones
Private Provision of Public Services
Grassroots Planning
Planner Facilitator Developer
Record
James Rouse
Norman Krumholz
John Forester
Robert Miler
Jaime Lerner
Baltimores Inner Harbor
Bostons Quincy Market
Docklands of London
Marketing Equity Planning Work
Heritage Preservation
Preference for Private-led developments at the expense of the
community
Gentrification/ Urban Blight
Development of Sustainable Communities
Equity Planning Model
Curitiba, Brazil-Orangi, Pakistan
Intention of the Palestine people to make West Jerusalem the
capital of their future nation
Time Period 1991 - Present
End of Cold War
New World Order
Information Revolution
Partnership & Ascension of Civil Society
9-11 Tragedy-Global Terrorism Iraq War, SARS Epidemic
Dominating Ideology
Personal Christianity
New Syncretism: New Age Globalism/ Multiculturalism
New Urbanism
Sustainable Development
Peoples Initiative with State/ Market Partnership 1992 UN Rio
Conference on Environment & Development
1996 UN Conference on Human Settlements, Istanbul, Habitat II
EZ/EC Program US.
Planner Enabler - Integrator
Record
Lisa Peattle-Leonie
Sandercock-John Friedman
Peter Calthorpe-Andres Duany
Nabeel Hamdi-Reinhard
Goethert
Seaside, Florida
Laguna, California
Towards Cosmopolis: Planning of Multicultural Cities
Action Planning for Cities
Community-led Sustainable Settlements
Empowerment Planning Model
Road Map to Mid East Peace Discussion
Timeline and Chronological Matrix of Planning Cities and Settlements: Cluster Three

Time Period 1941 1950 1951 1964 1965 1950 1981 1991 1991 - Present
Prevailing
Influen
ces
World War II
US-USSR Cold War
Post War
Reconstruction
Establishment of the
IMF-IBRD-WB
Communist China
Rapid Economic Growth
Application of
Development
Models
Rapid Growth of Third
World Cities;
Awareness of
Environmental
Degradation; Inner
City Problems;
Emergence of NGOs;
Influence of
Multilateral Funding
Agencies; National
and Local
Government Conflict
People Power
Phenomenon
Collapse of Socialist
Countries
Recognition of
Indigenous
Approaches to
Development
Gulf War
End of Cold War
New World Order
Information Revolution
Partnership & Ascension
of Civil Society
9-11 Tragedy-Global
Terrorism Iraq
War, SARS
Epidemic
Dominating
Ideolog
y
Roosevelt New Deal
Welfare State
Marxism Leninism
Technical Efficiency
Systems Analysis
Integration of Land Use
and Transportation
Government-led
development
anchored on
professional expertise
New Right:
Liberalization and
Privatization of
(Thatcherism)
Reaganomics
Personal Christianity
New Syncretism: New
Age Globalism/
Multiculturalism
New Urbanism
Sustainable
Development
Development
Orienta
tion
(Policie
s)
Strong State Initiative
and Involvement
New Town-
Development
Suburbanization
Planner Expert
Economic Functionalism
City Modernization
Construction of
Freeways
Urban Renewal
Strategic Infrastructure
Frameworks
Master Planning

Planner Bureaucrat
State initiative and
implementation in
consultation with
people 1972 UN
Conference on the
Human Environment,
Stockholm 1976 UN
Conference on
Human Settlements,
Vancouver
Habitat I

Planner Consultant
Advocate
Planning as projects or
as real estate
development
Public-Private
Partnership
Enterprise Zones
Private Provision of
Public Services

Planner Facilitator
Developer
Peoples Initiative with
State/ Market
Partnership 1992
UN Rio
Conference on
Environment &
Development
1996 UN Conference on
Human
Settlements,
Istanbul, Habitat
II EZ/EC Program
US.
Planner Enabler -
Integrator
Time
Period
1941 1950 1951 1964 1965 1950 1981 1991 1991 Present
Planners of
Influence/
Stature on
Record
Patrick Abercrombie
Herbert Simon
(Von Thunen-Weber-
Christaller-Losch)
(Vincent Scully)
Jane Jacobs - Herbert
Gans, M. Anderson,
Robert Moses Walter
Isard Mitchell
Rapkin Charles
Lindblom
Constantinos A.
Doxiados
Paul Davidoff
(John Portman)
(Manuel Castells-David
Harvey)
John Mcloughlin
James Rouse
Norman Krumholz
John Forester
Robert Miler
Jaime Lerner
Lisa Peattle-Leonie
Sandercock-John Friedman
Peter Calthorpe-Andres
Duany
Nabeel Hamdi-Reinhard
Goethert
Influential
Planning
Works
1944 Greater London
Plan
1947 British Town and
Country Planning Act
(Location theory)
S.F. Embarcadero
Freeway
London Convent Garden
Stockholm Renewal
Le Halles
Redevelopment
: The Death & Life of
Great American
Cities / Urbanism
Ekistics/Ecumenopoilis
(Hyatt Regency/ Peach
Tree Center)
Baltimores Inner
Harbor
Bostons Quincy
Market
Docklands of London
Marketing Equity
Planning Work
Seaside, Florida
Laguna, California
Towards Cosmopolis:
Planning of Multicultural
Cities
Action Planning for Cities
Planning
Concern
Outcomes
Emphasis on physical
form & spatial
arrangement
Functional & Compact
Settlements
Rational
Comprehensive
Planning Model
End of British Rule in
Jerusalem;
Transferred to
Jordan
Vehicle Anchored
Development
Urban Segregation and
Compartmentalization
Threatened Community
Life
Integration of
Locational Analysis to
Planning Education
Transportation Planning
Takeover of Jerusalem
by Israel after the
Six-Day War in 1967
Sites and Services
Public Housing
Prefabricated Housing
Slum Clearance and
Upgrading
Large scale Office
Hotel
Complexes
Systems Planning
(process)
Advocacy Planning
Model
Social Learning/
Communicative
Action Planning Model
Islamabad-Khartoum-
Baghdad
Heritage Preservation
Preference for Private-
led developments at
the expense of the
community
Gentrification/ Urban
Blight
Development of
Sustainable
Communities
Equity Planning Model
Curitiba, Brazil-Orangi,
Pakistan
Intention of the
Palestine people to
make West
Jerusalem the capital
of their future nation
Community-led Sustainable
Settlements

Empowerment Planning
Model
Road Map to Mid East
Peace Discussion

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