Ts.

Trn Trng Minh

B mn T ng ha,
Khoa in, HBK H ni
H ni, 9 - 2010
Mc tiu:
Nm c cc kin thc c bn v qu trnh bin i nng lng in dng
cc b bin i bn dn cng sut cng nh nhng lnh vc ng dng tiu
biu ca bin i in nng.
C hiu bit v nhng c tnh ca cc phn t bn dn cng sut ln.
C cc khi nim vng chc v cc qu trnh bin i xoay chiu mt
chiu (AC DC), xoay chiu xoay chiu (AC AC), mt chiu mt
chiu (DC DC), mt chiu xoay chiu (DC AC) v cc b bin tn.
Bit s dng mt s phn mm m phng nh MATLAB, PLEC,
nghin cu cc ch lm vic ca cc b bin i.
Sau mn hc ny ngi hc c kh nng tnh ton, thit k nhng b bin
i bn dn trong nhng ng dng n gin.
Yu cu:
Nghe ging v c thm cc ti liu tham kho,
S dng Matlab-Simulink m phng, kim chng li cc qu trnh xy ra
trong cc b bin i,
Cng c kin thc bng cch t lm cc bi tp trong sch bi tp.
10/22/2010 2
nh gi kt qu:
im qu trnh: trng s 0,25
Kim tra gia k: 0,25
Thi cui k: 0,75
Tt c cc ln thi v kim tra u
c tham kho tt c cc loi ti
liu (Open book examination).




10/22/2010 3
1. in t cng sut; V Minh Chnh, Phm Quc Hi,
Trn Trng Minh; NXB KH&KT H ni, 2009.
2. Phn tch v gii mch in t cng sut; Phm
Quc Hi, Dng Vn Nghi; NXB KH&KT, 1999.
3. Gio trnh in t cng sut; Trn Trng Minh;
NXB Gio dc, 2009.
4. Hng dn thit k in t cng sut; Phm Quc
Hi; NXB KH&KT 2009.

10/22/2010 4
Xu hng V d
Xu hng pht trin: di
cng sut tri rng, t
nh,
n ln v rt ln.
ng dng: rng khp, t
cc thit b cm tay, dn
dng n cc h thng
thit b cng nghip.
c bit: tham gia vo
iu khin trong h
thng nng lng.
Vi W n vi trm W,
thnh phn chnh trong
cc h thng Power
management ca cc
thit b nh.
Vi trm kW n vi chc
MW.
FACTS: h truyn ti,
DG Distributed
Generation, Custom Grid,
Renewable Energy
System,
10/22/2010 5
Nguyn nhn pht trin Cc d liu thc t
S pht trin ca TCS
lin quan n:
Cng ngh ch to cc
phn t bn dn cng
sut t c nhng
bc tin ln.
Cc tin b vt bc
trong cng ngh cc phn
t iu khin v l thuyt
iu khin.


MOSFET, IGBT: tn s
ng ct cao, chu c
in p cao, dng in
ln.
Cc chip vi x l, vi iu
khin, DSP 16 bit, 32 bit,
nhanh, mnh v iu
khin:
Tch hp ADC, u vo
counter, PWM built-in;
Truyn thng: I2C, CAN,
UART,

10/22/2010 6
Phn I: Nhng vn chung ca TCS v iu khin cc b bin i
in t cng sut trong h thng nng lng t trc
n nay v t nay v sau.
10/22/2010 7
Phn I: Nhng vn chung ca TCS v iu khin cc b bin i
Cc b bin i in t cng sut.
10/22/2010 8
Phn I: Nhng vn chung ca TCS v iu khin cc b bin i
Cc lnh vc lin quan n in t cng sut.
10/22/2010 9
Phn I: Nhng vn chung ca TCS v iu khin cc b bin i
S khi chc nng ca b bin i.
10/22/2010 10
Phn I: Nhng vn chung ca TCS v iu khin cc b bin i
S cc lp mch ca b bin i.
10/22/2010 11
Phn I: Nhng vn chung ca TCS v iu khin cc b bin i
Cc phn t trong mch ca b bin i.
10/22/2010 12
Phn I: Nhng vn chung ca TCS v iu khin cc b bin i
T l khi lng v th tch cc phn t
trong b bin i bn dn.
10/22/2010 13
Phn I: Nhng vn chung ca TCS v iu khin cc b bin i
Chuyn mch: vn cc k quan trng i vi cng sut ln.
Ba loi chuyn mch: Cng (Hard switching), Snubbered, Soft-
switching.
10/22/2010 14
Zero voltage switch -
ZVS
Zero current switch -
ZCS
10/22/2010 15
10/22/2010 16
I.1 Nhng vn chung
I.2 it
I.3 Thyristor
I.4 Triac
I.5 GTO (Gate-Turn-off Thyristor)
I.6 BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor)
I.7 MOSFET (Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect
Transistor)
I.8 IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)

Cn nm c:
Nguyn l hot ng
Cc thng s c bn (c tnh k thut), cn thit la chn phn t
cho mt ng dng c th.
Cc van bn dn ch lm vic
trong ch kha
M dn dng: i
V
> 0, u
V
= 0;
Kha: i
V
= 0, u
V
> 0;
Tn hao p
V
= i
V
*u
V
~ 0;
Lu rng phn t bn dn ni
chung ch dn dng theo mt
chiu.
Mun to ra cc van bn dn hai
chiu hai chiu phi kt hp cc
phn t li.
V kh nng iu khin, cc van
bn dn c phn loi:
Van khng iu khin, nh IT,
Van c iu khin, trong li phn
ra:
iu khin khng hon ton, nh
TIRISTOR, TRIAC,
iu khin hon ton, nh BIPOLAR
TRANSISTOR, MOSFET, IGBT, GTO.

10/22/2010 17
c tnh vn-ampe ca van l
tng: dn dng theo c hai chiu;
chu c in p thep c hai chiu.
Cu to t mt lp tip gip p-n
Ch dn dng theo mt chiu t
anot n catot
u
AK
>0 i
D
>0; Phn cc thun.
u
AK
< 0 i
D
= 0; Phn cc ngc


10/22/2010 18
K hiu it
c tnh vn-ampe l tng ca it
c tnh vn-ampe ca it
Gip gii thch ch lm vic thc t ca it
Tnh ton ch pht nhit (tn hao trn it) trong qu trnh lm vic.


10/22/2010 19
c tnh Vn-ampe thc t ca it c tnh tuyn tnh ha:
u
D
= U
D,0
+ r
D
*i
D
; r
D
= U
D
/I
D
c im cu to ca it
cng sut (Power diode)
Phi cho dng in ln
chy qua (c vi nghn
ampe), phi chu c in
p ngc ln (c vi nghn
vn);
V vy cu to c bit hn
l mt tip gip bn dn p-
n thng thng. Trong lp
bn dn n c thm lp
ngho in tch n
-



10/22/2010 20
Vng ngho n-, lm tng kh nng chu
in p ngc, nhng cng lm tng st
p khi dn dng theo chiu thun
c tnh ng ct ca it
c tnh ng u
D
(t), i
D
(t),




10/22/2010 21
Khi m: in p u
Fr
ln ln n vi V trc
khi tr v gi tr in p thun c 1 1,5V
do vng n- cn thiu in tch
Khi kha: dng v n 0, sau tip tc
tng theo chiu ngc vi tc di
r
/dt n
gi tr I
rr
ri v bng 0.
in tch
phc hi Q
rr
Thi gian
phc hi t
rr
Cc thng s c bn ca it
Gi tr dng trung bnh cho
php chy qua it theo
chiu thun: I
D
(A)
Gi tr in p ngc ln
nht m it c th chu
ng c, U
ng,max
(V)

Tn s, f (Hz)
Thi gian phc hi, t
rr
(s)
v in tch phc hi, Q
rr

(C)


Trang WEB ca Proton-
Electrotex, Nga

http://www.proton-electrotex.com/
Trang WEB ca PowerRex

http://www.pwrx.com/




Ti sao li l dng trung bnh?
Lin quan n qu trnh pht nhit.
Cho v d:


Kh nng chu in p: 3 gi tr,
Repetitive peak reverse voltages, U
RRM
Non repetitive peak reverse voltages , U
RSM
Direct reverse voltages, U
R
Khi tn s tng ln tn tht do qu trnh ng
ct s ng vai tr chnh ch khng phi l tn
tht khi dn.
Ba loi it cng sut chnh:
1. Loi thng, dng tn s 50, 60 Hz. Khng cn quan
tm n t
rr
.
2. Loi nhanh: fast diode, ultrafast diode.
3. Schottky Diode: khng phi l loi c tip gip p-n. St
p khi dn rt nh, c 0,4 0,5 V, c th n 0,1 V. Dng
cho cc ng dng tn s cao, cn dng ln, in p nh,
tn tht rt nh. Ch chu c in p thp, di 100 V.
10/22/2010 22
( )
0
0
1
t T
D D
t
I i t dt
T
+
=
}
Cu to: cu trc bn dn gm 4 lp,
p-n-p-n, to nn 3 tip gip p-n, J
1
,
J
2
, J
3
.
C 3 cc:
Anode: ni vi lp p ngoi cng,
Cathode: ni vi lp n ngoi cng,
Gate: cc iu khin, ni vi lp p gia.
L phn t c iu khin. C th
kha c in p ngc ln in p
thun.
Ch dn dng theo mt chiu t anot
n catot
u
AK
>0 ; Phn cc thun.
u
AK
< 0 ; Phn cc ngc


10/22/2010 23
K hiu
thyristor
c tnh vn-ampe l tng ca
thyristor.
10/22/2010 24
Thyristor: Cu trc bn dn v mch in tng ng.
Lp n- lm
tng kh nng
chu in p
c tnh vn-ampe ca thyristor


1. c tnh ngc: U
AK
< 0.
Rt ging c tnh ngc ca it.
2. c tnh thun: U
AK
> 0.
2.1. Khi U
GK
= 0,
Cho n khi U
AK
< U
f,max
thyristor cn
tr dng in.
Cho n khi U
AK
= U
f,max
tr khng
gim t ngt. c tnh chuyn ln
on in tr nh nh it khi dn
dng theo chiu thun.
2.2 Khi U
GK
> 0,
c tnh chuyn ln on in tr nh
ti U
AK
<< U
f,max
.
in p chuyn cng nh nu U
GK

cng ln.
Trong mi trng hp thyristor
ch dn dng c nu I
V
> I
h
, gi
l dng duy tr (Holding current).

10/22/2010 25
U
r
: reverse voltage
U
f
: forward voltage
1. Gi tr dng trung bnh cho php chy qua tiristor, I
V

Lm mt t nhin: mt phn ba dng I
V
.
Lm mt cng bc bng qut gi: hai phn ba dng I
V
.
Lm cng bc bng nc: c th s dng 100% dng I
V
.
2. in p ngc cho php ln nht, U
ng,max

3. Thi gian phc hi tnh cht kha ca thyristor, t
rr
(s)
Thi gian ti thiu phi t in p m ln ant-catt ca tiristor sau khi dng i
V

v bng 0 trc khi c th c in p U
AK
dng m tiristor vn kha.
Trong nghch lu ph thuc hoc nghch lu c lp, phi lun m bo thi
gian kha ca van c 1,5 - 2 ln t
r
.
t
rr
phn bit thyristor v tn s:
Tn s thp: t
rr
> 50 s;
Loi nhanh: t
rr
= 5 20 s



10/22/2010 26
t
rr
cng nh, cng t
4. Tc tng dng cho php,
dI/dt (A/s)
Thyristor tn s thp: dI/dt c 50 100
A/s.
Thyristor tn s cao: dI/dt c 200 500
A/s.
5. Tc tng in p cho php,
dU/dt (V/s)
Thyristor tn s thp: dU/dt c 50
100 V/s.
Thyristor tn s cao: dU/dt c 200
500 V/s.
6. Thng s yu cu i vi tn
hiu iu khin, (U
GK
, I
G
)
Ngoi bin in p, dng in, rng
xung l mt yu cu quan trng.
rng xung ti thiu phi m bo
dng I
V
vt qua gi tr dng duy tr I
h



Minh ha hiu ng dU/dt tc
dng nh dng m van
10/22/2010 27




10/22/2010 28
10/22/2010 29
S tm hiu nhng vn khi mun tng cng sut
ca cc b bin i theo hng dng in ln v in
p cao. Phi lm th no?
Lnh vc ng dng cng sut nh: rt quan trng nhng
phi c mt chng trnh khc.

S tm hiu lnh vc ng dng quan trng ca TCS
trong iu khin h thng nng lng, b v m
bo cht lng in p. c bit lin quan n li
in phn tn.
Nhng ng dng rng ri ca TCS trong iu khin my
in c cp n trong cc mn hc v Truyn
ng in. Khng cp y.
Cc b bin i dng thyristor trong cc b chnh lu hay
nhng b ngun cho cc qu trnh cng ngh cp y
trong chng trnh TCS c bn.
10/22/2010 30
10/22/2010 31
10/22/2010 32
10/22/2010 33
10/22/2010 34
10/22/2010 35
10/22/2010 36
10/22/2010 37
1. Xc nh trng thi van state
switch:
Khng lm ngn mch ngun p (t C);
Khng h mch ngun dng (cun cm
L).
2. Vi mi trng thi van xc nh
vector trng thi state vector
3. Xy dng th vector khng
gian: cc vector bin v cc
sector.
4. Cho vector mong mun di
dng h ta cc , ,
hoc dng ta , .

5. Tnh ton h s bin iu ty
theo v tr ca vector mong mun
nm trong sector no.
6. La chn t hp van ng ct
ph hp.
S nghch lu 3 mc






Trng thi van c php:

j
r
U e
u
( , ) u u
o |
K
hiu
Trng thi van in p
ra
S1x S2x S3x S4x
P 1 1 0 0 E / 2
0 0 1 1 0 0
N 0 0 1 1 E / 2
10/22/2010 38
Trng thi van u
a
u
b
u
c
u/E Vect
NNN 000 PPP 0 0 0 0 V0
P00 0NN 1/3E -1/6E -1/6E V1
PP0 00N 1/6E 1/6E -1/3E V2
0P0 N0N -1/6E 1/3E -1/6E V3
0PP N00 -1/3E 1/6E 1/6E V4
00P NN0 -1/6E -1/6E 1/3E V5
P0P 0N0 1/6E -1/3E 1/6E V6
PNN 2/3E -1/3E -1/3E V7
P0N 1/2E 0 -1/2E V8
PPN 1/3E 1/3E -2/3E V9
0PN 0 1/2E -1/2E V10
NPN -1/3E 2/3E -1/3E V11
NP0 -1/2E 1/2E 0 V12
NPP -2/3E 1/3E 1/3E V13
N0P -1/2E 0 1/2E V14
NNP -1/3E -1/3E 2/3E V15
0NP 0 -1/2E 1/2E V16
PNP 1/3E -2/3E 1/3E V17
PN0 1/2E -1/2E 0 V18
( ) 1/ 3 1 0 j +
( )
1/ 3 1/ 2 3 / 2 j +
( )
1/ 3 1/ 2 3 / 2 j +
( ) 1/ 3 1/ 2 0 j +
( )
1/ 3 1/ 2 3 / 2 j
( )
1/ 3 1/ 2 3 / 2 j
( ) 2/ 3 1 0 j +
( )
1/ 3 3/ 2 3/ 2 j +
( )
2/ 3 1/ 2 3/ 2 j +
( )
2/ 3 0 3 / 2 j +
( )
2/ 3 1/ 2 3/ 2 j +
( )
1/ 3 3/ 2 3 / 2 j +
( ) 2/ 3 1 0 j +
( )
1/ 3 3/ 2 3 / 2 j
( )
2/ 3 1/ 2 3/ 2 j
( )
2/ 3 0 3 / 2 j
( )
2/ 3 1/ 2 3/ 2 j
( )
1/ 3 3/ 2 3/ 2 j
.
10/22/2010 39
Quy lut tng hp vector u
ra mong mun khi vector nm
trong mt tam gic bt k:
u = p
3
+ d
1
+ d
2
,
d
1
= d
1
(p
1
p
3
); d
2
= d
2
(p
2
p
3
); d
1
,
d
2
l t l di so vi cnh tng
ng ca tam gic.
u = p
3
+ d
1
(p
1
p
3
) + d
2
(p
2
p
3
)
u = p
3
(1 d
1
d
2
) + d
1
p
1
+ d
2
p
2
.
Vector khng gian:
C 3 loi vector: vector ln LV, trung
bnh MV, nh SV (v vector khng)
18 vector chia mt phng ra 6 sector
, mi sector cha 4 tam gic u.

V1
V2 V3
V4
V5 V6
V15
V16 V17
V18
V7
V8
V9 V10 V11
V12
V13
V14
|
o
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
u
d
2
d
1
p
3
p
2
p
1
10/22/2010 40
Mch vng dng in m bo p ng ca dng in nh mong
mun:
Khng sai lch;
Thi gian p ng trong phm vi cho php;
Tn s ct
CL
< 1/10
s


10/22/2010 41
10/22/2010 42
10/22/2010 43
Dng b iu
chnh PI xoay
chiu.
10/22/2010 44
B iu chnh PI
trong h ta
tnh 0.
C sai s tnh
do dch pha
ca tn hiu
xoay chiu.
10/22/2010 45
B iu chnh PI
trong h ta
tnh 0.
Khng sai s
tnh.
C lin h cho,
phc tp.

10/22/2010 46
B iu chnh
PI vi cc
thnh phn
mt chiu.
Khng sai s
tnh.
Phc tp v
cn nhiu
php bin i
ta .
10/22/2010 47
Cch thc
hin.
Lu cu
trc lin h
cho.
10/22/2010 48
Cu trc tng t

Cu trc gin on s

10/22/2010 49
Phn t l P
khng thay i
qua cc php
quay ta
Ch c khu
tch phn I chu
tc ng ca
php quay.
Bin i
Laplace cho
thy phn tch
phn tng
ng vi khu
cng hng
trong h ta
tnh.
10/22/2010 50
Tnh cht quan trng:
Khng cn nhiu php bin i;
Tc ng c tnh chn lc v tn s;
Thch hp cho ng dng trong lc tch cc.
C th thit k nhiu khu tch phn song song m bo
tnh lc cho cc sng hi bc cao hn nh bc 5, 7, 11,

10/22/2010 51
p ng ca b iu chnh
PI thng thng:
C sai s tnh do lch pha

p ng ca b iu chnh
PI cng hng:
Khng sai s tnh
p ng cn chm do cc sng
hi bc cao. C th ci thin c
tnh nu thm vo cc mt lc
bc cao hn.


10/22/2010 52
Vai tr ca cc b bin i bn dn trong h thng nng lng
iu khin cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng
L thuyt tnh ton dng cng sut

10/22/2010 53
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