ENERGY CONSERVATION

AND MANAGEMENT

Prepared by:-
120453119020-Handiwala Dhruv Y.
120453119021-Mishra Manisha C.
120453119024-Amanji Suhel Y.
100450119104-Varmora Ketan V.

Guidded By:- Dr. Ragesh G Kapadiya


Department Of Mechanical Engineering
Shree SAD Vidya Mandal Institute Of Technology
(AUGUST 2014)
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CONTENTS
INSTALLED CAPACITY AND CAPACITY
UTILIZATION


FOREIGN TRADE IN CONVENTIONAL SOURCES
OF ENERGY
CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY RESOURCES
INTRODUCTION OF ENERGY
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Coal and Lignite
Coal deposits are mainly confined to eastern and south
central parts of the country. The states of Jharkhand,
Odisha, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh,
Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh account for more than
99% of the total coal reserves in the country.

The State of Jharkhand had the maximum share(27.0) in
the overall reserves of coal in the country as on 31st March
2013 followed by the State of Odisha(24.7%).

As on 31.03.13 the estimated reserves of coal was 298.94
billion tones, an addition of 5.44 billion over the last year.
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There has been an increase of 1.85% in the estimated coal
reserves during the year 2012-13 with Odisha accounting
for the maximum increase of 3.16 %.

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The estimated reserves of crude oil in India as on 31.03.2013
stood at 758.27 million tonnes.

Geographical distribution of Crude oil indicates that the
maximum reserves are in the Western Offshore (44.34%)
followed by Assam (22.68%), whereas the maximum reserves
of Natural Gas are in the Eastern Offshore (34.95%) followed
by Western offshore (30.68%).
Petroleum and Natural gas

There was decrease of 0.17% in the estimated reserve of
crude oil for the country as a whole during 2012-13. During
the same period, estimated reserves of crude oil in Western
offshore and Assam decreased by 0.44% and 0.35%
respectively, while the same in Gujarat increased by 0.74%.
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Renewable energy sources
There is high potential for generation of renewable energy
from various sources- wind, solar, biomass .

The total potential for renewable power generation in the
country as on 31.03.13 is estimated at 94125 MW . This
includes wind power potential of 49130 MW (52.2%), SHP
(small-hydro power) potential of 19750 MW (20.98%),
Biomass power potential of 17,538 MW(18.63%) .

The geographic distribution of the estimated potential of
renewable power as on 31.03.2013 reveals that Karnataka has
the highest share of about 15.37% (14,464 MW), followed by
Gujarat with 13.27% share (12,494 MW) and Maharashtra with
10.26% share (9,657 MW), mainly on account of wind power
potential.



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INSTALLED CAPACITY AND CAPACITY UTILIZATION
Coal Washeries

Coal washing is an integral part of coal production. Raw
coal coming from mines is washed to remove the ash
contents to make them fit for feeding into boilers,
particularly those of steel plants.

Total installed capacity of washeries in the country is
around 131.24 Million tonne per year (MTY) as on 31.3.2013 .
As on 31.03.13, a total of 52 washeries, both PSUs and
Private, were operating in the country considering both
Coking (29.69 MTY) and Non-Coking Coal (101.55 MTY).


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Refineries of crude oil

As on 31.03.13 there were a total of 22 refineries in the
country , 17 in the Public Sector, 3 in the private sector and
2 in joint venture.

Capacity utilization of the refineries was 95.8% during
2011-12 which increased to 101.9% during 2012-13. In the
Public Sector the maximum increase in capacity utilization
(10.2%) was at IOCL, Barauni, Bihar.

In the Private Sector the highest increase (23.9 %) in
capacity utilization was at Essar Oil Ltd., Vadinar

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Grid Interactive Renewable Power

The total installed capacity of grid interactive renewable
power, which was 24914.24 MW as on 31.03.2012 had gone
up to 28067.26 MW as on 31.03.2013 indicating growth of
12.66% during the period.

Tamil Nadu had the highest installed capacity of grid
connected renewable power (7849.09 MW) followed by
Maharashtra (4188.40 MW) and Gujarat (4078.58 MW),
mainly on account of wind power. As on 31.03.2013 out of
total number of Biogas plants installed (46.69 lakh),
maximum number of plants installed were in Maharashtra
(8.43lakh) followed by Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Uttar
Pradesh and Gujarat each with more than 4 lakh biogas
plants.



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FOREIGN TRADE IN CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY
Import and export of coal

Import of coal has steadily increased from 36.60 MTs
during 2005-06 to 134.73 MTs during 2012-13.
There was an increase of 33.74% in gross import and
33.63% in net imports of coal in 2012-13 over the previous
year. However there was an increase of 40.10% in export of
coal during the same period.

Crude oil and petroleum products

India is highly dependent on import of crude oil. Net
imports of crude oil have increased from 99.41MTs during
2005-06 to 184.80 MTs during 2012-13.


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The export of petroleum product has increased from a
23.46 MT during 2005-06 to 63.41MTs during 2012-13.
During 2012-13 exports recorded an increase of 4.23% from
previous year.

The import of petroleum products has increased from 13.44
MT in 2005-06 to 15.77 MT during 2012-13, although there
are some fluctuations in the trend. However, there was a
decline of 0.47% in import of petroleum products over the
previous year.

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Country-wise distribution of
Consumption reveals that the United
States was the largest consumer of crude
oil, consuming 19.8% of the world
consumption during 2012-13. China was
the second largest consumer (11.7%),
followed by Japan (5.3%), India (4.2%)
and Russian federation (3.6%).
India was the fourth largest consumer of
crude oil in the world and the third
largest crude oil consumer in the Asia-
Pacific region after China and Japan.

Distribution of total world production
according to countries shows that Saudi
Arabia and Russian Federation were the
first and second highest producers with
13.3% and 12.8% respectively.
They were followed by USA (9.6%), China
(5.0%), Canada (4.4%), Iran (4.2%), Iraq,
Kuwait & UAE having 3.7% share each,
Mexico (3.5%) and Venezuela (3.4%).
India accounted for only 1% of the world
production.
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CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY RESOURCES
Consumption of coal and lignite

The estimated total consumption of raw coal by industry
has increased from 407.04 MTs during 2005-06 to 570.23
MTs during 2012-13 with a CAGR of 4.30%.
Consumption of Lignite increased from 30.23MTs in 2005-
06 to 46.41 MTs in 2012-13 registering a compound growth
of 5.51%.
during 2012-13 electricity generating units consumed
444.29 MTs of coal, followed by steel & washery industries
(15.88 MTs), cement industries(13.55 MTs) and paper
industries(2.13MTs).



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Consumption of Crude Oil and Natural Gas

The estimated consumption of crude oil has a steady increase,
from 130.11 MMTs during 2005-06 to 219.21 MMTs during 2012-13
with CAGR of 6.74%.
The maximum use of Natural Gas is in power generation
(33.46%) followed by fertilizers industry (27.87%) and 5.20%
natural gas was used for domestic fuel.

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Consumption of Petroleum Products

High speed diesel oil accounted for 39.55% of total
consumption of all types of petroleum products in 2012-13.
This was followed by Refinery(10.49%), Petrol(9.0%),
LPG(8.92%) and Naptha(7.05%). Consumption of Light
Diesel oil continuously decreased from 2005-06(0.88 MTs)
to 2012-13(0.40 MTs)

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Consumption of Electricity

The estimated electricity consumption increased from
4,11,887 GWh during 2005-06 to 8,52,900 GWh during
2012-13,showing a CAGR of 9.53%. The increase in
electricity consumption is 8.62% from 2011-12 (7,85,193
GWh) to 2012-13 (8,52,900 GWh).

Of the total consumption of electricity in 2012-13, industry
sector accounted for the largest share (44.87%), followed
by domestic (21.79%), agriculture (17.95%) and
commercial sectors (8.33%).



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