Hy-Wire Concept Car

HY-WIRE CONCEPT
CAR

JASIR.V
Roll.No:63
S
7
ME
www.digitalelectronicz.com
INTRODUCTION
The name symbolizes the combination of hydrogen as
fuel for the fuel cell propulsion system.
The replacement of conventional mechanical and
hydraulic control linkages for steering, braking and other
control systems by a drive-by-wire system.
By combining fuel cell and by-wire technology, this
vehicle packaged in a new way, opening up a new world
of chassis architectures and customized bodies for
individualized expressions .
CONCEPT
It is a significant step towards a new kind
of automobile that is substantially more
friendly to the environment and provides
consumers positive benefits in driving
dynamics, safety and freedom of individual
expression.
The car is derived from GMs previous
concept of a drive-able fuel cell vehicle
called the Autonomy which was debuted at
the 2002 North American Motor Show in
Detroit
Interiors of the Hy-Wire
Passenger Compartment made of
Fiberglass and Steel
very spacious
provides a magnificent view of
surroundings
Flooring of passenger compartment is flat
loads of leg space
fig

Skateboard Chassis
Skateboard Chassis 11 flat piece of
Aluminum metal houses all the parts

Drive-by-Wire
In conventional control, the movements the
driver makes with the steering wheel are
transmitted mechanically via steering column to
the steering rack and then to the front wheels
All mechanical linkages and actuators are
replaced by Wires & Electronic sensors

Drive-by-Wire
In a by-wire system, the drivers physical
movement on the steering wheel in sensed and
converted into a digital electronic signal that is
transmitted to a Smart Electro Mechanical
Actuation Unit (SEMAU) that controls the
wheels
Same principle can be applied to the braking and
gearbox systems
DbW consists of a sophisticated pedal position
sensor which closely tracks the position of the
accelerator and sends this information to the
Computer control
Reasons for superiority to a cable operated
throttle system :-

a. By eliminating mechanical elements and
transmitting a vehicles throttle position
electronically, DbW reduces the number of
moving parts hence greater accuracy, reduced
weight and theoretically no service requirements
(like oiling & adjusting the throttle cable)
b. Greater accuracy improves driving experience,
improved fuel economy and power delivery as
well as lower exhaust emissions

Drivers control system:

All controls required in a single unit
The driver's control unit, dubbed the X-drive, is
a lot closer to a video game controller than a
conventional steering wheel and pedal
arrangement
Throttle, braking and steering hand controls
Gear selection Button system, familiar from
the world of motor racing
fig

FUEL CELL POWER
Electrochemical conversion device that converts
hydrogen and oxygen into water , producing
electricity and heat in the process
Provides a DC voltage can be used to power
motors , lights or any number of electrical
appliances
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is
the type of fuel cell used in Hy-Wire car
Uses one of the simplest reactions of any fuel cell
Single fuel cell produces only about 0.7 volts
To obtain a reasonably higher voltage , many
separate fuel cells must be combined to form a
Fuel Cell Stack
PEMFCs operate at about 80 deg. C
Warms up quickly , expensive containment
structures not required
Fuel Cell vs. I.C Engine
Energy efficiency
Heat engine: max efficiency ~30%
Fuel cell: max efficiency ~60%

Emission reduction (near zero)

No moving parts no noise

Low-temperature operation

Modularity
Features
Power Transmission :
H2 fuel cell stack and 3-phase AC motor power
transmission mechanism
Fuel cell stack made up of 200 individual cells
connected in series 94kW(125 bhp) of continuous
power and 129kW(173 bhp) at peak power
Cell stack kept cool by conventional radiator system
System delivers DC voltage ranging from 125 to 200
volts, depending on load in the circuit
Motor controller boosts voltage up to 250 to 380 volts
and converts to AC current to drive 3-phase motor ,
that rotates the wheels
Motor applies torque to the front wheel axle to spin
front wheels
Max. power from fuel cell stack motor spins at 12,000
rpm ,delivering a torque of 159 pound feet
Single stage planetary gear , with ratio 8.67:1 , steps up
the torque to a max. of 1375 pound feet to each wheel
enough to move the 1905kg car at 100 mph
Smaller motors maneuver the wheels to steer the car
Electrically controlled brake calipers

Control :
Brain of Hy-Wire Central computer housed
in the middle of chassis
Computer connects to the body electronics
through a single Universal Docking Port
Transmits constant stream of electronic
command signals from controller to the
central computer
As well as feedback signals from computer to
the controller
Drivers control unit X-Drive similar to
video game controller than a conventional
steering wheel and pedal arrangement
X-drive can go anywhere in the passenger
compartment currently X-drive swings around
to either of two front seats
Driver can brake and accelerate with his hands
Two ergonomic grips , positioned to the left and
right of a LCD monitor

To steer glide the grips
up and down lightly
To accelerate - turn either
grip, just like turning the
throttle on a motorcycle
To brake squeeze either
grip
Electronic motion sensors
, translate this motion into
a digital signal that the
central computer can
recognize
The colour monitor in the center of the
controller displays all the stuff normally found
on the dashboard speed, mileage, fuel level
Also gives rear view images from video camera
on the sides and back of car instead of
conventional mirrors
Vehicle can be fine tuned without changing
anything in the cars mechanical components it
just takes some new software to adjust
steering, accelerator or brake sensitivity
Other features :
Front wheel drive vehicle
Very open from front to rear there is no
engine compartment
Driver provided with greater freedom
Single docking port provides the electrical
connection between the all-aluminum chassis
and the fiberglass body
Technical Specifications
Top speed : 100 mph (161 kph)
Weight : 4185 pounds (1898 kg)
Chassis length : 14 ft 3 in (4.3 m)
Chassis width : 5 ft 5.7 in (1.67 m)
Chassis thickness : 11 in (28 cm)
Motor : 250 to 380 volt 3-phase asynchronous
electric motor
Crash protection : front and rear crush zones
to absorb impact energy
A Few Concerns
Safety is the biggest concern : no connection between
driver and mechanical elements an electric failure
would mean total loss of control
Adding adequate crash protection
Energy efficient methods required for producing,
transporting and storing H2 for the fuel cell stacks
Current state of technology producing H2 fuel can
generate about as much pollution as using gasoline
engines & storage systems still have a long way to go

Fuel cells cost atleast 10 times more than
conventional power trains
Present hydrogen storage systems provide
perhaps 150 miles of driving
Setting up infrastructure dedicated to service
and maintenance of these cars is an expensive
affair such as fuel refilling , body changing,
etc.

Advantages for the Car

Increases responsiveness of system,
thereby better steering and braking
Negates usage of steering column,
reduces the number of moving parts
Positive environmental implications
through elimination of brake fluids as well
as significant safety benefits
Increased capability due to fault
monitoring and diagnostics
Advantages for the driver

Enhanced driving experience
Less tiring
Provides more space for passengers
upfront due to absence of steering column
and associated linkages
Less or nil maintenance due to near
absence of any moving parts

Disadvantages

Lack of in-house talent for programming of
software for the electronics
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
Present limitations of technology makes it
an expensive investment
CONCLUSION
the chassis architecture provides designers the
freedom to create a number of different body
styles.
The GM concept provides much more value than
just zero emissions and twice the fuel economy
It would provide very affordable all-wheel drive,
unprecedented safety and comfort,
, no oil changes, maintenance worries or trips to
the gas station.
Hy-Wire on the road
Chassis sketch
- X-drive driving control
Interiors of the Hy-Wire -
THANK YOU
T
H
A
N
K

Y
O
U

Questions
Interiors of the Hy-Wire
back
Back
References
www.gm.com
www.howstuffworks.com
www.edmunds.com
www.popsci.com
www.cardesignnews.com
www.autointell.com
www.thecarconnection.com
www.sciam.com
http://evolution.skf.com/gb
www.BSMotoring.com
www.autocarindia.com


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HY-WIRE CONCEPT

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