1

Analysis and Design of a Multi-storey

Reinforced Concrete Building
United Arab Emirates University
College of Engineering
Civil and Environmental Engineering Department
Graduation Project II
Second Semester 2007/2008
Prepared
Sultan Saif Saeed Alneyadi 200203903
Sultan Khamis A-shamsi 200!0!"9"
#asher Khamis A-a$i$i 200!0%03!
Rashed #amad A-&eyadi 20020'0!(
A)dulrahman A)dulla *arrah 2002!09!"
Adviser
Dr. Usama Ebead
2
Outline

Objectives

Summary

General Approach

Building Types

Concrete

Structural Elements

Slabs

Flat Slab

Design o Flat Slab

Columns

!ectangular Columns

Design o !ectangular Columns

Shear "alls

Design o Shear #alls

Foundations

$ile Group

Design o $ile Group

Economic %mpact

Enviromental %mpact

Conclusion
3
Objectives
The Objectives of the Project are:-

Carrying out a complete analysis and design o the main

structural elements o a multi&storey building including slabs'
columns' shear "alls and oundations

Getting amiliar "ith structural sot"ares ( SAFE 'AutoCAD)

Getting real lie e*perience "ith engineering practices

4
Summary

Our graduation project is a residential building in Abu& Dhabi+

This building consists o ,- repeated loors+
5
General Approach

Obtaining an architectural design o a regular residential multi&

storey building+

Al&Su"aidy residential building in Abu Dhabi+

Establishing the structural system or the ground' and repeated

loors o the building+

The design o column' "ind resisting system' and type o

oundations "ill be determined ta.ing into consideration the
architectural dra"ings+
6
Types o building

Buildings are be divided into/

Apartment building

Apartment buildings are multi&story buildings "here three or more

residences are contained "ithin one structure+

Oice building

The primary purpose o an oice building is to provide a "or.place and

"or.ing environment or administrative "or.ers+
7
!esidential buildings
8
Oice buildings
9
Concrete 0i*tures

Concrete is a durable material "hich is ideal or many jobs+

The concrete mi* should be "or.able+

%t is important that the desired 1ualities o the hardened concrete

are met+

Economy is also an important actor+

10
Structural Elements
Any reinorced concrete structure consists o /

Slabs

Columns

Shear "alls

Foundations
11
Flat Slab Structural System
Flat slab is a concrete slab "hich is reinorced in t"o directions

Advantages

Disadvantages
12
Types o Flat slab
13
Deining properties

Slab thic.ness 2 -3 cm

Concrete compressive strength 2 34 0$a

0odules o elasticity o concrete 2 -44 G$a

5ielding strength o steel 2 6-4 0$a

Combination o loads (,+6Dead 7oad 8 ,+9 7ive 7oad)

14
AC% 3,:&4-

AC% 3,:&4- contains the current code re1uirements or

concrete building design and construction+

The design load combinations are the various

combinations o the prescribed load cases or "hich the
structure needs to be chec.ed+
1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
15 !"
Flat Slab Analysis and Design

Analy;ing o lat slab mainly is done to ind

,+ Shear orces+
-+ Bending moment+
3+ Delected shape+
6+ !eactions at supports+
16 !%
!esults and Discussion

Delection
17
!esults and Discussion
!eactions at supports must be chec.ed by a simple method+
18
Flat Slab !einorcement
19
Columns

+t is a ,ertical structural mem)er su--orting a.ial

com-ressi,e loads/ 0ith or 0ith-out moments1

Su--ort ,ertical loads from the floors and roof and

transmit these loads to the foundation1
20
Types o column
Spiral column Spiral column Rectangular Rectangular
column column

Tied Columns
Over <=> o all columns in building in non&seismic regions are tied columns

Spiral Columns
Spiral columns are generally circular+ %t ma.es the column more ductile+
21
Steel !einorcement in Columns

The limiting steel ratio ranges bet"een , > to : >+

The concrete strength is bet"een -= 0$a to 6= 0pa+

!einorcing steel strength is bet"een 644 0$a to =44 0pa+

22
Design procedure
,+ Calculate actored a*ial load $u
-+ Select reinorcement ratio
3+ Concrete strength 2 34 0$a' steel yield strength 2 6-4 0$a
6+ Calculate gross area
=+ Calculate area o column reinorcement' As' and select rebar
number and si;e+
23
Columns to be designed
24
2uidelines for Column Reinforcement

7ong !einorcement

0in+ bar diameter ?,-

0in+ concrete covers 64 mm

0in+ 6 bars in case o tied rectangular or circular

0a*imum distance bet"een bars 2 -=4 mm

Short !einorcement ( Stirrups)

7east o/

(,9)@diameter o long bars

least dimension o column

(6:)@diameter o ties
d
c
S
A
sp
25
Column Design
c s
A A 4, + 4 =
8- # of
bars =
26
!einorcement o Columns
27
Shear "alls

A shear 0all is a 0all that resists

lateral 0ind loads 0hich acts
-arallel to the -lane of the 0all1
28
Shear "alls

#ind results in a pressure on the surace o the building

$ressure increases "ith height

Positive Pressure, acts to"ards the surace o the building

Neative Pressure, acts a"ay rom the surace o the building

(suction)
29
#ind pressure

q = Velocity pressure

(Wind speed, height and eposure condition!

" = "ust #actor that depends on the $uilding sti##ness

%p = &ternal pressure coe##icient

30
Gust " 'actor A E*ternal pressure %p coe##icient

#or (ti## (tructures ta)e " =*.+,

Wind-ard Wall, %p = +*.+

Lee-ard Wall, %p = .aries $et-een /*.2 0 /*.,

Depending on the L12 3atio

L12 = 1+.+4 5 126.1+ 5 = *.617 8 1 then , %p = /*.,

31
Belocity $ressure

V = 16* )51h

9: = ;o $e deter5ined #ro5 the equations

9:t = 1 (le.el terrain ad<acent to the $uilding = not on hill!

9d = *.+, (rectangular $uilding!

> = 1 (use group >>!

32
+m-ortant factor
32
33 33
3elocity 4.-osure Coefficient 5 Kz6
34 3'
Design of the 0ind force

&orth south direction

35 3"
Shear 0all a.ial reactions
36 3%
Calculating 3elocity 7ressure
,6= .mCh
4+:= 1
1
V
(km/hr
)
145
9.5
Zg
!4."

#$% 1
#d &.85
' 1
( &.85
)p
(*+,d*ard)
&.8
)p
(-..*ard)
-&.5
/ (m) 0.18
1.2.-
3.+gh%
($)
4r+b5%ar6
3.+gh%
(h% )
#$ 7$ (k,/m)
1 4" 1.!5 1."0 1.15&5
11 "9.5 ".5 1."4 1.19849
1& "0 ".5 1."1 1.1&!994
9 ".5 ".5 1.8 1.&84"91
8 9 ".5 1.5 1.&58088
! 5.5 ".5 1. 1.&"&4&0
0 ".5 1.18 &.9988!"
5 18.5 ".5 1.14 &.90"&9
4 15 ".5 1.&9 &.91495
" 11.5 ".5 1.&" &.8!1"04
8 ".5 &.95 &.8&!!&
1 4.5 4 &.85 &.!151!0
37 38
Design of the 0ind -ressure
G 4+:=
Cp ("ind"ard) 4+:
Cp (lee"ard) &4+=
B (m) -9+,:
qb = qz (at the top of the building
7evel
Deight
(;) m
Tributary
Deight
(ht ) m
E; 1; (.nCm-)
Design #ind $ressure(EFCmG-) Design #ind Force (EF)
"ind "ard
(1; G C$)
lee "ard
(1b G C$)
"ind "ard
(1; G C$)(B)
(ht )
lee "ard
(1b G C$)(B)
(ht )
Total
(loor level)
0oment
(EF+m)
,- 63 ,+H= ,+39 ,+,=4--= 4+H:-,=3 &4+6:::69 3=+:3636= &--+3<969= =:+-34:,4 -=43+<-6:-9
,, 3<+= 3+= ,+36 ,+,-<:6< 4+H9:-<H &4+6:::69 H4+3<<4<6 &66+H<-<3, ,,=+,<-4-= 6==4+4:6<H-
,4 39 3+= ,+3, ,+,4H<<6 4+H=3639 &4+6:::69 9<+43H33- &66+H<-<3, ,,3+:34-9- 64<H+::<663
< 3-+= 3+= ,+-: ,+4:63<, 4+H3H3:9 &4+6:::69 9H+=999:3 &66+H<-<3, ,,-+3=<9,6 39=,+9:H66=
: -< 3+= ,+-= ,+4=:9:: 4+H,<<4: &4+6:::69 9=+<9=,9, &66+H<-<3, ,,4+H=:4<- 3-,,+<:6996
H -=+= 3+= ,+-- ,+434649 4+H449H9 &4+6:::69 96+-4-<9= &66+H<-<3, ,4:+<<=:<9 -HH<+3<=36<
9 -- 3+= ,+,: 4+<<::H3 4+9H<-33 &4+6:::69 9-+-3:,6< &66+H<-<3, ,4H+43,4H< -3=6+9:3H6:
= ,:+= 3+= ,+,6 4+<934<- 4+9=6<43 &4+6:::69 94+44:H-4 &66+H<-<3, ,46+:4,9=4 ,<3:+:34=3,
6 ,= 3+= ,+4< 4+<-,6<= 4+9-99,H &4+6:::69 =H+6,9:H, &66+H<-<3, ,4-+-4<:4- ,=33+,6H43-
3 ,,+= 3+= ,+43 4+:H,396 4+=<-=-H &4+6:::69 =6+-<3-<- &66+H<-<3, <<+4:9--- ,,3<+6<,==<
- : 3+= 4+<= 4+:4H-H4 4+=6:<66 &4+6:::69 =4+-<<H-, &66+H<-<3, <=+4<-9=, H94+H6,-,49
, 6+= 6 4+:= 4+H,=,H9 4+6:93-4 &4+6:::69 =4+<-H6-H &=,+,<,<-, ,4-+,,<36: 6=<+=3H49=H
sum ,--<+H4H6=- -:<:,+3<H:=
38 3(
Com-uting total moment acting to0ard &-S Direction
! = total floor le"el #height (z
39 39
#&E Direction Computation
$= 2%&18
'
=

1
8
&
8
(
7evel
Deight
(;) m
Tributary
Deight
(ht ) m
E; 1; (.nCm-)
Design #ind $ressure(EFCmG-) Design #ind Force (EF)
"ind "ard
(1; G C$)
lee "ard
(1b G C$)
"ind "ard
(1; G C$)(B)(ht )
lee "ard
(1b G C$)(B)(ht )
Total
(loor level)
0oment
(EF+m)
,- 63 ,+H= ,+39 ,+,=4--= 4+H:-,=3, &4+6:::= -=+H:H=:H< &,9+,,H-6-6 6,+<46:346 ,:4,+<4HH4=
,, 3<+= 3+= ,+36 ,+,-<:6< 4+H9:-<H6 &4+6:::= =4+99,=3-: &3-+-366:6< :-+:<94,HH 3-H6+3<-9<<
,4 39 3+= ,+3, ,+,4H<<6 4+H=363=< &4+6:::= 6<+9:,=933 &3-+-366:6< :,+<,946:- -<6:+<HHH3=
< 3-+= 3+= ,+-: ,+4:63<, 4+H3H3:94 &4+6:::= 6:+9-3-3=9 &3-+-366:6< :4+:=HH-4= -9-H+:H=<,9
: -< 3+= ,+-= ,+4=:9:: 4+H,<<4H< &4+6:::= 6H+6H4H-H, &3-+-366:6< H<+H4=-,-4 -3,,+6=,,6<
H -=+= 3+= ,+-- ,+434649 4+H449H93 &4+6:::= 69+-4-=<-3 &3-+-366:6< H:+63H4HH- -444+,6=69<
9 -- 3+= ,+,: 4+<<::H3 4+9H<-333 &4+6:::= 66+H::966< &3-+-366:6< HH+4-3,-<: ,9<6+=4::==
= ,:+= 3+= ,+,6 4+<934<- 4+9=6<4-= &4+6:::= 63+,:6-H36 &3-+-366:6< H=+6,:H=:3 ,3<=+-6H4-:
6 ,= 3+= ,+4< 4+<-,6<= 4+9-99,9= &4+6:::= 6,+3,<4<3, &3-+-366:6< H3+==3=H:4 ,,43+3439H
3 ,,+= 3+= ,+43 4+:H,396 4+=<-=-H= &4+6:::= 3<+4H,-9,- &3-+-366:6< H,+34=H69, :-4+4,94H<9
- : 3+= 4+<= 4+:4H-H4 4+=6:<63: &4+6:::= 39+,<H3=63 &3-+-366:6< 9:+63,:3<- =6H+6=6H,3:
, 6+= 6 4+:= 4+H,=,H9 4+6:93-44 &4+6:::= 39+96<4H-: &39+:3<6,,3 H3+6::6:6, 334+9<:,H:H
sum ::6+<3:66,= -4:==+<H<,<:3
40 '0
Design o Shear #all

4ast 0est direction

&orth south direction

41 '!
%nteraction Diagram
42 '2
Shear #all !einorcement
43
Foundations

Foundations are structural components used to support

columns and transer loads to the underlying Soil+
!oundations
%solated Combined Strap "all !at
Shallo"
ooting ooting ooting ooting ooting
Caissons $iles
Deep
44
$ile oundation

Our building is rested on a "ea. soil ormation "hich

canIt resist the loads coming rom our proposed building'
so "e have to choose pile oundation+
7ile ca-
7iles
9ea: soil
Bearing stratum
45
$ile oundation

$iles are structural members that are made o steel'

concrete or timber+
46
Function o piles

As "ith other types o oundation' the purpose o a pile

oundation is/

To transmit a oundation load to a solid ground

To resist vertical' lateral and uplit load

7iles can )e

Timber

Concrete

Steel

Composite
47
Concrete piles
General acts

Jsual length/ ,4m&-4m

Jsual load/ 344.F&3444.F

Advantages

Corrosion resistance

Can be easily combined "ith a concrete superstructure

Disadvantages

Diicult to achieve proper cuto

Diicult to transport
48
$ile oundation
$iles can be divided in to t"o major categories/
,+ End Bearing $iles
% the soil&boring records presence
o bedroc. at the site "ithin a reasonable depth'
piles can be e*tended to the
roc. surace
-+ Friction $iles
#hen no layer o roc. is present depth at a site' point bearing piles become very
long and uneconomical+ %n this type o subsoil' piles are driven through
the soter material to speciied depths+
49
$ile Cap !einorcement

$ile caps carrying very heavy point loads tend to produce high
tensile stresses at the pile cap+

!einorcement is thus designed to provide/

!esistance to tensile bending orces in the bottom o the cap

!esistance to vertical shear

50
Design of the -ile ca-

)earing ca-acity of one -ile;

!s 2 K Cu As +7

ength of -ile -enetration < !( meters

Adhesion factor of soil 5clay6 = < 01(

>ntrained shear strength Cu < "0

Diameter < 019 m

?or -iles 0ith diameter 019 m

!s 2 -43=+H= EF
51
First type

@his section sho0s ho0 -ile ca-s are designed to carry

only ,ertical load/ and the eAuation used to determine
the resistance of ca- is
9here
7 is the strength of the -ile ca- -er one -ile
B is the total force acting on the -ile ca-
n is the num)er of -iles used to su--ort the -ile ca-
n
?
@
i
i
=
52
Columns layout A !eactions ( Bertical 7oad )
)o-5m
,
8.ac%+o
,
4o%a-
8.ac%+o,
k: k:
1 19.0"
1555.50
40.85
90.
8 "8.00
4591.9
1& "9"."8
4!&.50
1 458."5
55&&.
" 4&&.85
481&.
4 0!.!4
!5".88
5 "84.14
40&9.08
"& 158."
1899.0
" "55.0
40".1
53
Design o pile cap (Bertical 7oad only)

7ile Ca- 2

!eaction 2 69,4+6 .F

$ile diameter 2 4+< m

Capacity or one pile 2 4+: L =4 L ,: L M L 4+< 2 -43=+H= EF

Feed 3 piles

7ength bet"een piles 2 (-L4+3) 8 (3L4+<) 8 (-L4+<)L- 29+< m

#idth 2 ,+= meters

Actual orces on each pile 2 2 ,=39+: .F

n
i
?
i
@ =
54
Second type

Second t"pe

This section sho"s ho" pile caps are designed to carry

vertical load and lateral loads ( Bending 0oment)' and the
e1uation used to determine the resistance o cap is

=
-
r
r A
n
?
@
i
i
i
55
Shear "alls layout A reactions
*a-- ; (#:.m) : (#:)
<1 14&!.1 185.0
< "00.&48 "590.!0
<" "00.&48 "&0.88
<4 5!19.5 "0&5.&4
<5 "&.0595 418
<0 "&1.014" 1899.0
<1& 1&141. ".8&88
<11 4&.5 ".8&88
<1" &9!8.4 0!&&.40
<14 "9!.0 0!&&.40
<15 &4& 0.4!&0
<10 54!&. 0.4!&0
<1! !0.!0 !9&".041
<18 85!1.48 !&80.!&0
56
Design o pile cap (Bertical 7oad A moment)

Shear wall # (1):

0 2 ,64H-+,,=9,

N 2 ,--:=+9

Assume : piles
9B @ (o @
9B @ (o @
r
r A
n
?
@
@ile o# %apacity
@ile o# %apacity
H= + -43= '
9H9 + -6
) -9 + 6 ( L ,,=9, + ,64H-
:
9 + ,--:=
H= + -43= '
9H9 + -6
) <4< + , ( L ,,=9, + ,64H-
:
9 + ,--:=
-
-
-
= =
= =
=

57
Economical impact

!einorced concrete is proven to be a very economical

solution in the JAE+

the most aordable solution or multistory building such

as the one "e are ma.ing the analysis and design or+
58
Environmental impact

Although the cement production is environmentally

challenging' the inal product o a reinorced concrete
building is environmentally riendly+
59
2antt Chart
60
Conclusion

#e have applied our gained .no"ledge during our graduation

project

#e are able to use structural sot"are ( SAFE )

#e have practiced real lie engineering practices

This G$ enables us to go into the mar.et "ith an e*cellent

bac.ground regarding design o !C

At this point' "e "ould li.e to than. all instructors' engineers'

and Al Ain Consultant Oice or their grateul eort+
61