ECG

ontents :-
1 ) Introduction
2 ) Medical View
3 ) Principles of
operation
4 ) Block diagram
ntroduction
:-
aphy or ECG is a important diagnostic tool for Veter
he electrical activity of the heart.

device had 10 electrodes separated in two gro

1) (LA , RA , LL , Physical ground).
2) (v1 , v2 ,v3 ,v4 , v5 ,v6)
ontents :-
1 ) Introduction
2 ) Medical View
3 ) Principles of
operation
4 ) Block diagram
Medical View:
- of The
Anatomy
Heart
 Body Circulations
ary ( lesser ) circulation .
ood circulates between the heart and lungs
oxygenated ).

ic ( greater ) circulation .
ood circulates between the heart and the body
eliver oxygen and nutrients to all body cells
 Pulmonary ( lesser )
circulation .

Systemic ( greater )
circulation .
 Initiation & Conduction of
electric Impulse In The Heart
n the right atrium of the heart called sinoatrial no

1) The left atrium.

SAN
Atrioventricular node (AVD)
ch conduct the impulse very slowly. AVN

3) Atrioventricular bundle

es which conduct the impulses to the right & left v

ontents :-
1 ) Introduction
2 ) Medical View
3 ) Principles of
operation
4 ) Block diagram
inciples of operation :
-
12 parameters (12 lead) by using 10 electrodes are s

LL , Physical ground).
3 ,v4 , v5 ,v6).
are put in the body like in the next figure:
2 lead) is measured using 10 electrodes are shown
 ECG waveform

3 distinct waves are produced during cardiac cycle

P wave caused by atrial depolarization
QRS complex caused by ventricular depolarization
T wave results from ventricular repolarization
lements of the ECG ( 6 PARTS
arization of both atria;
hip between P and QRS helps distinguish various card
duration of P may indicate atrial enlargement.

13-63
interval : from onset of P wave to onset of QRS
mal duration = 0.12-2.0 sec.
resents atria to ventricular conduction time.
longed PR interval may indicate a 1st degree heart bl
b
depolarization
of greater muscle mass of ventricles.
seconds.
morphology are useful in diagnosing cardiac arrhyth
rization or recovery of ventricles
inning of QRS to apex of T is referred to as the abs
 ST segment :
- Connects the QRS complex and T wave
- Duration of 0.08-0.12 sec (80-120 msec)

nterval
•Measured from beginning of QRS to the end of the T
•Normal QT is usually about 0.40 sec
•QT interval varies based on heart rate
 Types of ECG Recordings
Leads

ipolar Leads Unipolar Leads

LEAD I
LEAD II
LEAD III AUGMENTED CHEST
LEADS LEADS
ipolar Leads
Lead I records between right arm & left arm
Lead II : right arm & left leg
Lead III : left arm & left leg
nipolar Leads
1 ) AUGMENTED
LEADS :-
nipolar Leads
2 ) CHEST
LEADS :-
ontents :-
1 ) Introduction
2 ) Medical View
3 ) Principles of
operation
4 ) Block diagram
lock diagram:
-
 SENSING
ELECTRODES
sensing the signal from the body to the E

PROTECTION
CIRCUIT
protect the human body from the electric
 LEAD SELECTOR
select the wanted leads that we want to show there si
s

multiplexers that has multi input and one output is

LA
LL
MULTIINPUT

LL OUTPUT

MULTIPLEXE
S

RA R
LA
RA OPAMP
 PRE AMPLIFIER
the signal is amplifiered to be available to the nex

UNAMPLIFIED AMPLIFIED
SIGNAL SIGNAL