Last time 3/6/08

D=v
o
/ V
Bioreaction Engineering
Wash Out:









1.) Neglect Death Rate and Cell Maintenance


2.) Steady State





Wash Out:
Maximum Production Rate =

Dividing by V

m
V
= DC
C
How does this figure relate to drinking a lot of
fluids when you have an infection or cold?


Lecture Thursday 3/11/08

Energy Balance Fundamentals
Adiabatic Reactors






User Friendly Equations Relate T and X or F
i
User Friendly Equations Relate T and X or F
i


Last Time 3/6/08
Intro to heat effects
D
a
d
C
a
c
B
a
b
A + +
Q

s
mol
F
i

0
mol
J
E
i

0
i
F
i
E
Rate of
energy
in by
flow
Rate of
energy
out by
flow
Heat
added
to the
system
Work
done
by the
system
Rate of
energy
accumulation
- - + =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) state) steady (at 0

0 0
=
= +

s J s J s J s J
dt
dE
W Q E F E F
sys
i i i i

Assumptions:
|
|
.
|

\
|
= + =
+ =
+ + =

mol
m
V V P F V P F
W
KE PE U E
i i i i
i i i i
3
0 0 0
~

~ ~
work flow
shaft work work flow
internal to compared small energies other

=0 =0
| |
| | | |
0
0
~ ~
0
~ ~
0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
= +
= + + +
= + + +



S i i i i
S i i i i i i
S i i i i i i i i
W Q H F H F
W Q V P U F V P U F
W V P F V P F Q U F U F



( )
( )
( ) 0
0
0

0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0
0
0 0 0 0
= +
|
.
|

\
|

= +
|
.
|

\
|

= +
|
.
|

\
|
+
+ =
= =



S
i
i A i i i A
S i A i i A i i A
S i i A i i A
i A i
A i i i A i
W Q H
a
i
X F H H F
W Q XH
a
i
F H F H F
W Q H X
a
i
F H F
X a i F F
F F F F



u
u u
u u
u
u u
- Assuming no phase change during
reaction
- Assuming constant heat capacity
|
.
|

\
|
K mol
J

Pi
C
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
R Pi R i i
T
T
Pi R i i
T T C T H T H dT C T H T H
R
+ = + =
}
0 0
Enthalpy of formation at temperature T
R
( ) ( ) | |
R P i R P i i i
T T C H T T C H H H + + =
0
0
0
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
R Pi i i
Pi i i
T T C H a i H a i
T T C H H
+ =
=

0
0 0
Heat of reaction at temperature T
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) | | 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0
= + A + A
+ = A
+ = A
A + A = A =

S R P i A Pi i A
PA PB PC PD P
A B C D X
R P X RX i
W Q T T C H X F T T C F
C C
a
b
C
a
c
C
a
d
C
H H
a
b
H
a
c
H
a
d
H
T T C H T H H a i

u
Example Adiabatic and no work
( ) ( ) | |
( )
( ) | |

A
+ =
A
A A

=
A A =
= =
0
0
0
P
0
0
0
0
C neglecting
0 , 0
P i
X
R P X
Pi i
R P X Pi i
S
C
X H
T T
T T C H
T T C
X
T T C H X T T C
W Q
u
u
u

F
A0
cancels from remaining terms
Usually C
P
is small compared to
other terms
X X
T T
exothermic
endothermic
Example PFR A B
1) Mole balance
2) Rate Laws


3) Stoichiometry
4) Energy Balance
0 A
A
F
r
dV
dX
=
(

|
|
.
|

\
|

A
= = A
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
(

=
T T k
H
k k C
T T R
E
k k
k
C
C k r
X
C C P
C
B
A A
1 1
exp 0
1 1
exp
2
0
2
1
1
( ) X C C X C C
A B A A 0 0
1 = =

A
+ =
Pi i
X
C
X H
T T
u
0
0

A
+ =
Pi i
X
C
X H
T T
u
0
0
T
X
C
Adiabatic
equilibrium
conversion
C
C
eq
k
k
X
+
=
1