UMTS Radio Planning Approach

ICM N OP MS ND 8 N.L.
Shrestha 1
UMTS Radio Network Planning
Approaches Part 2
Narayan Lal Shrestha
CoC, Bangkok
ShresthaN@Siemens.co.th
ICM N OP MS ND 8 N.L. Shrestha 2
UMTS Radio Planning Approaches
Contents:
Path loss Model
Impact of TMA
For a given set of parameters and area to be provided
coverage, the difference in the site count with and without
TMA.
Cell load for radio network planning.
The impact of maximum cell load selection in UMTS radio
network planning.
The Path Loss Model
The COST-231 path loss model can be written as:

L
pathloss
= Const. + s
1
log(d)

Where d is the distance in km. The const. depends only on the
base station antenna height for a given clutter type, mobile
antenna height and carrier frequency.
s
1
depends only on the base station antenna height.

m
h
log 55 . 6 9 . 44 s
BS
1
|
.
|
\
|
=
Site Count and Path Loss
If L
1
and L
2
are the path losses corresponding to the
distances d
1
and d
2
, then the following equation holds
when other parameters remain the same and hence s
1

also is the same for the two cases:

, where, L
2
- L
1
= AL

|
.
|
\
| A
=
1
s
L
1 2
10 d d
The following equation shows the relationship between
the site counts and difference in allowed path losses.

Where AL = L
2
- L
1
and S
2
and S
1
are the site counts for
coverage at allowed path losses L
2
and L
1
respectively.

|
.
|
\
| A
= |
.
|
\
|
=
1
s
L 2
2
1
2
2
1
10
d
d
S
S
Site Count for different Bearers
The link budget equation can be written as:

Difference in the maximum allowed path loss

When considering the same clutter type and same
cell load

Body n Penetratio
b
UL Max
L L ) 1 log( 10
No
E
) R log( 10 K L =
( ) ( )
2 B 1 B 2 o b 1 o b
2
1
2 1
L L N E N E
R
R
log 10 L L |
.
|
\
|
=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 B 1 B 2 p 1 p 2 1 2 o b 1 o b
2
1
2 1
L L L L NR NR N E N E
R
R
log 10 L L |
.
|
\
|
=
E
b
/N
o
values for UL in different services.
Service R UL
Voice 12.2 6.1
Streaming64 64 3.8
Streaming128 128 2.9
Inter/Back64 64 3.6
Inter/Back128 128 2.9
Considering voice as the reference we get the
following result.
Service A UL
Voice 12.2 6.1
Streaming64 64 3.8
Streaming128 128 2.9
Inter/Back64 64 3.6
The effect of reduction in allowed path loss on
site count for coverage.
The Impact of Allowed Pathloss on Site Count
100%
110%
120%
130%
140%
150%
160%
170%
180%
190%
200%
0 1 2 3 4 5
Decrement in Allowed Path Loss (dB)
T
h
e

I
n
c
r
e
a
s
e

i
n

S
i
t
e

C
o
u
n
t
Antenna Height 35 m
Antenna Height 15 m
Impact of TMA
The gain TMA introduces in link budget is 5 dB
assuming 3 dB gain by compensating feeder cable loss
and 2 dB by improvement in noise figure. i.e. the
allowed path loss will increase by 5 dB.

Hence without TMA the number of sites needed for
coverage will increase by 86% to 94% (for Node B
antenna heights 35 m and 15 m) compared to those with
TMA.
Impact of TMA
If TMA only compensates the cable loss, i.e.
AL = 3 dB, then the site count without TMA is 149% to
145% (depending antenna height is 35 m or 15 m)
compared to those with TMA.
Cell Load
UL cell load decreases the allowed path loss by
the amount of the noise rise it generates.

With lower cell load threshold the site count for
coverage can be reduced.

The capacity of the network decreases at a faster
rate due to decreased cell load and site count.

Cell Load
The ratio of the required number of sites can be
calculated based on the following equation.

Where S
1
and S
2
are the number of sites required
at cell loads q
1
and q
2
respectively.

1
s
20
2
1
1
2
1
1
S
S
|
.
|
\
|
q
q
=
Cell Load and Site Count

Number of Sites Required At Different Cell Loads
Compared To That With Cell Load 30%
(Node B Antenna Height 35 m)
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Cell Load
%
Cell Load
The number of sites needed for coverage at cell load
70% is 63% more than that at cell load 30% at Node B
antenna height of 35 m.
Hence the network capacity would increase by 3.80
(=1.63 X 70/30) times. This, in the fully utilized
scenario, is also the ratio of the maximum traffic
densities supported for a given carrier configuration.
The figure in the next slide shows that at 30% cell load,
the site count is reduced by about 15% compared to that
at 50% cell load. But the network capacity decreases by
50%.
Cell Load
Number of Sites Required At Different Cell Loads
Compared To That With Cell Load 50%
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Cell Load
%
Cell Load and Network Capacity
The capacity of the network changes as the cell load
changes.
1
s
20
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
S
S
|
.
|
\
|
q
q
q
q
=
Cell Load and Network Capacity
Site Count and Network Capacity vs Cell Load
Relative To Cell Load 50%
50
70
90
110
130
150
170
190
210
230
30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Cell Load
%
Site Count Network Capacity
Cell Load and Coverage
The network planned at cell load 30% (left) leaves behind a web
of area without coverage when the load is increased beyond this
value (right).
Cell Load
The new site layout will look like the following figure.
Cell Load
To provide continuous coverage to the area, new
sites must be interleaved with the old ones as
there is no way to increase power of the mobile.

The number of sites increases by a factor of 4
compared to just 1.63 in case of radio network
planning at cell load 70%.
Cell Load
The following equation shows that halving the
cell range gives about 10.47 dB to 11.20 dB
increase in the allowed path loss depending on
the Node B antenna height 35 m or 15 m.

|
.
|
\
|
= A
1
2
1
d
d
log s L
Cell Load
At 30% cell load the noise rise is 1.5 dB. With an increase of
allowed path loss of 10 dB, theoretically cell load of 93% (with
noise rise 11.5 dB) can be supported. The capacity of the network
has increased by more than a factor of (4 x 93/30) = 12.4.

Noise Rise Vs Cell Load
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Cell Load (%)
N
o
i
s
e

R
i
s
e

(
d
B
)
Cell Load
However the maximum UL cell load recommended is only 70%.
Hence the usable capacity is only (4 X 70/30) = 9.33 times that of
the network designed for cell load 30%.
This capacity can be fully utilized only if the traffic demand
density increases by a factor of 9.33, i.e. the total traffic demand
within the area increases by factor of 9.33.
Here the chances of increased traffic demand is limited by the
area that is covered, since sites can not be moved (or not
convenient to do so).
Optimized Planning
The long term optimized radio network can be designed
in the following steps:
Clearly, the knowledge of the traffic demand is essential for
optimized UMTS radio network planning.
The first step would be to find the maximum expected traffic
during the expected period of operation.
Then the maximum cell load per carrier, so that the site count
for coverage also matches traffic demand.
Optimized Planning
If the calculated cell load is < 70%
then design the coverage network with this value of cell load. Start the
net Optimized Planning work rollout with the least number of
carriers possible. Go on adding more carriers as demand increases.
When the capacity of the network is fully used up, additional capacity
may be obtained with new technologies, e.g. Smart Antenna, Multi
User Detection (MUD).
Here the upgrade cost and expected time of deployment of Smart
Antenna and MUD should be compared against the cost of running the
network initially designed with cell load 70%.
Here the availability of the Smart antenna and MUD is also crucial.

Siemens, Roadmap - UMTS Radio 27
NB TDD Trial
Location Services
A-GPS
SMS Cell Broadcast
Service based
Intersystem HO
Transcoder free Op
Call tracing
Platform and Technology New Features and Services
Successive
introduction of
UMTS GSM
interworking
Soft and softer
Handover
384 kbit/ s
High performance
RNC-750
NB-530/ NB 531
(FDD macro)
FDD Pilot
UMR 1.0
12/ 00
IP based Interfaces
IPbRAN Trial
SW Radio
Common RNC FDD/TDD
NB TDD
S.M.A.R.T
Multi User Detection
Radio Capacity
Enhancements
Smart Antennas
Wideband AMR
23,85 kbit/s
Seamless Services
FDD/TDD
Common Radio Resource
Management
High Speed Downlink
Packet Access
UMR 4.0 12/ 03
Roadmap UMTS Radio
Highlights for World Market
Cost of Ownership
FDD 3GPP
(Rel.99 03/01)
Capability for IOT
Iu, Iur, Uu
Successive
enhancements of
FDD Pilot
Multiple Sessions
SMS
UMR 1.5
IOT
12/ 01
UMR 3.0 12/ 02
Common Radio
Commander
2G & 3G
Multi-vendor interfaces
Equipment Sharing
Multi-Vendor
Config. Management
Adaptive Rate Control
RAB Queuing and Pre-
emption
Issue 28.09.01
approved in UR IPP-0901
MR UR PLM 8, Dr. Bartels
UMR 2.0 03/ 02
UMTS GSM
Handover
Support of QoS
classes
Location Services
Cell ID
NB 440/441
NB 640G (FDD/GSM)*)
NB 540 (3/3/3) *)
NB 341 (FDD micro)
*) Available in 09/02
Optimized Planning
Optimized Planning
If the calculated cell load is > 70%
Network has to be designed for the cell load 70%. If more
capacity is needed in the beginning more sites have to be
used.
When the capacity of the network is fully used up,
additional capacity may be obtained with new
technologies, e.g. Smart Antenna, Multi User Detection.


Thank You.

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ICM N OP MS ND 8 N.L.

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