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Application of Strut and Tie

Models to Prestressed
Members Anchorages
Presented by: Antonio Serbi
University of South Florida
Content:
Problem Definition
Stress Distribution Theory
B & D Regions
Strut & Tie Model Theory
S & T Model Application to Anchorage Zone
Q & A


Problem:
Introduction and dispersion of PT force into
the section, creating the desired linear stress
distribution, BUT without causing material
overstress in the process


f = P/A P
Stress Distribution Theory:
Bernoulli Hypothesis - States that plane
sections remain plane after bending
Basis for Linear Stress Distribution Theory
Stress Distribution Theory:
St. Venant's Principle - states that " the localized
effects caused by any load acting on the body will
dissipate or smooth out within regions that are
sufficiently away from the location of the load"
Stress Distribution Theory:
B and D regions :
D region B region
Strut & Tie Theory :
Concept - Use of uniaxially stressed truss
members to model stress flow
Strut & Tie Theory :
Elements of a Strut & Tie Model:
Nodes - Concrete
Struts - Concrete
Ties - Steel
P
P/2
P/2
Strut & Tie Theory :
Geometry of a Strut & Tie Model:
P
P/2
P/2
F
T=P/2 tan (F)
Strut & Tie Theory :
Important Considerations:
Equilibrium must be maintained
Tension in concrete is neglected
Forces in struts and ties are uni-axial
External forces applied ONLY at nodes
Prestressing is treated as a load
Detailing for adequate anchorage (detailing)
Strut & Tie Theory :
P
P/2
P/2
Stress - Strain Compatibility Relation
Concrete Stress
Mild Steel Stress
PT Bars...
Strut & Tie Theory :
Constructing the Model:
Sketch Force Flow
Determine Truss Geometry
Determine Forces
Node Size
Strut Size
Tie Location
Strut & Tie Theory :
Sketch Force Flow:
Join St. Venants stress
areas with Bernoulli
stress areas.
(For ALL Cases)
Strut & Tie Theory :
Truss Geometry:
Strut & Tie Theory :
Truss Geometry:
Use Direct Load Paths
Strut & Tie Theory :
Determine Forces:
Note effect of reaction in b).
Important to analyze ALL cases:
Construction
Transportation
Repairs
Strut & Tie Theory :
Size Nodes:
CCC Node
Stress = 0.85 f fc
CCT Node
Stress = 0.75 f fc
f = 0.70 (Concrete Bearing)
CTT Node
Stress = 0.60 f fc
Strut & Tie Theory :
Size Struts & Ties:
Struts
Stress = 0.85 f fc

Ties *
Stress = f
y
or p
e
+f
y
* Personal practice:
0.6 f
y
due to
stress compatibility.
Helps in crack control
Strut & Tie Theory :
Validate Model:
P
P/2
P/2
F
T=P/2 tan (F)
C
=(P/2) / cos (F
)
ITERATIVE
PROCESS
Anchorage Zone :
Design Example (Collins & Mitchell Ex 9.7):
DATA:
1/2 in. diameter, Lo-Lax strands
fpu = 270 ksi
0.75 fpu at jacking
fc = 5000 psi
Anchorage Zone :
Design Example, cont. (Collins & Mitchell Ex 9.7):
1. Find P
P = 4 x 0.153 x 270 = 165 kip

2. Check Bearing Pressure Under Plates
A = 7 x 7 - p x 2
2
/4 = 45.9 in
2
f
b
= 165/45.9 = 3.60 ksi
Allowable Nodal Stress = 0.85 f fc
= 0.85 x 0.9 x 5
= 3.83 ksi > 3.60 ; OK

Anchorage Zone :
Design Example, cont. (Collins & Mitchell Ex 9.7):
3. Bernoulli Stresses and Forces
f
c
= 4 strands x 165 kip / 966 in
2
= 0.683 ksi

A of flanges = 40 x 7 = 280 in
2
A of web = 7 x 58 = 406 in
2

Force in flanges = 240 x 0.683= 191 kip
Force in web = 406 x 0.683= 277 kip


Anchorage Zone :
(c) Plan
Forces:
(kip)

CD = 126.7
DE = 173.9
GH = 39.4
Design Example, cont. (Collins & Mitchell Ex 9.7):
Anchorage Zone :
Design Example, cont. (Collins & Mitchell Ex 9.7):
6. Detail Reinforcement
#4 closed stirrups can resist:
Fs = 0.9 x 60 x (2 x 0.20) = 21.6 kip

Member DE (web), T = 173.9 kip therefore
173.9/21.6 = 8.1, use 9 closed #4 stirrups

Member GH (flange), T = 39.4 kip therefore
39.4/ 10.8 = 3.6, use 4 (single leg) #4


Anchorage Zone :
Design Example, cont. (Collins & Mitchell Ex 9.7):
Anchorage Zone :
Design Example, cont. (Collins & Mitchell Ex 9.7):
Questions ?

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