This document discusses various materials and methods for waterproofing and damp-proofing structures. It describes five main categories of waterproofing: 1) using bitumen membranes, 2) elastomeric paints, 3) epoxy formulations, 4) integral waterproofing of concrete, and 5) slurry coatings. Specific methods are then outlined, including using bitumen sheets, elastomeric paints, epoxy mixes, high cement content concrete, and damp-proof courses with materials like hot bitumen or cement compounds. Roof waterproofing techniques include lime terracing, bitumen sheets, elastomeric paints, and waterproof slurries covered with tiles. Finally, it recommends light
This document discusses various materials and methods for waterproofing and damp-proofing structures. It describes five main categories of waterproofing: 1) using bitumen membranes, 2) elastomeric paints, 3) epoxy formulations, 4) integral waterproofing of concrete, and 5) slurry coatings. Specific methods are then outlined, including using bitumen sheets, elastomeric paints, epoxy mixes, high cement content concrete, and damp-proof courses with materials like hot bitumen or cement compounds. Roof waterproofing techniques include lime terracing, bitumen sheets, elastomeric paints, and waterproof slurries covered with tiles. Finally, it recommends light
This document discusses various materials and methods for waterproofing and damp-proofing structures. It describes five main categories of waterproofing: 1) using bitumen membranes, 2) elastomeric paints, 3) epoxy formulations, 4) integral waterproofing of concrete, and 5) slurry coatings. Specific methods are then outlined, including using bitumen sheets, elastomeric paints, epoxy mixes, high cement content concrete, and damp-proof courses with materials like hot bitumen or cement compounds. Roof waterproofing techniques include lime terracing, bitumen sheets, elastomeric paints, and waterproof slurries covered with tiles. Finally, it recommends light
& DAMP-PROOFING Water proofing materials & systems:- Classified under following categories- i) Water proofing with bitumen membranes (plastomeric systems) ii) Water proofing with elastomeric paints. iii) Water proofing with epoxy formulations. iv) Integral water proofing of cement plaster & concrete. v) Waterproofing by slurry coats by capillary & crystallization system.
2 i) WATER PROOFING WITH BITUMINOUS SHEETS Two types of plastic-based bitumen sheets are available now-a-days in the market. One like traditional felt , which is to be stuck to the surface to be water-proofed with hot blown asphalt & other one is designed, so that the underside of the sheet is a thermo fusible film, which can be heated by a gas flame torch & then stick to hot surface. The later is more popular than former one. This bituminous system is called the plastomeric system. One of the major disadvantages of the system is the problem of renewal. Most of the membranes last five to six years. Further, it requires extensive surface preparation like removal of old treatment for their renewal & reinstallation at later stage. 3 ii) WATER-PROOFING BY ELASTOMERIC PAINTS A large number of ready-to-use cold applied elastic (elastomeric) membrane-forming compounds are available for water proofing, now-a-days. These compounds are special paints & their elastomeric feature distinguish from ordinary paints. These coatings are normally applied in film thickness of 0.5 to 0.75 mm, using a roller, spray or brush. The thickness is approximately ten times thicker of traditional paints. They are basically 5 types:- i) Acrylic based; ii) Polyurethane-based; iii) Hypalon- based; iv) Polyvinyl acetate copolymer-based; v) Polymerized elastomeric bitumen, penetrating oils & other admixtures. 4 iii) WATERPROOFING WITH EPOXY FORMULATIONS Epoxy materials is a two-phase system of araldite & hardener with or without filling materials. Used mainly for structural repairing of concrete as well as waterproofing of terraces, toilet slabs etc. Two coats of epoxy mix consisting of araldite GY 257 & hardener HY 840 in equal proportions by weight are found to give good results as a waterproofing material. 5 iv) INTEGRAL WATERPROOFING Concrete having cement content of over 300kg/m3 (as in 1:2:4 mix) & water-cement ratio between 0.4 & 0.5 gives very good impermeable concrete. In order to improve placeability with the above water- cement ratio, plasticizers or super plasticizers can be added. Other cheaper Chemicals called integral waterproofing compounds are available in powder or liquid form. They are added to cement or cement concrete during the time of mixing at the rate of one kg per bag of cement. Their main action is to improve workability with reduction in required quantity of water for placement. This water reduction reduces the permeability of concrete. 6 DAMP-PROOF COURSE (DPC) Damp-proofing of foundation is necessary to prevent capillary rise of water in the wall & also in ground floor. The following materials are commonly used for damp-proofing:- i) Hot bitumen, bituminous felts, plastic sheet, metal sheet of lead, copper etc. ii) Materials like mastic asphalt iii) Rigid materials bricks, stones, slates etc. iv) Mortar with water-proofing compounds v) Cement concrete with water-proofing compounds vi) Coarse sand layer under floors vii) Continuous plastic sheets under floors. 7 WATERPROOFING OF ROOFS Methods of waterproofing of roofs depend on the type of roofs & the details of construction. The following four methods are mostly used:- i) Lime concrete terracing for waterproofing of concrete roofs. ii) Waterproofing with bituminous sheets iii) Waterproofing with elastomeric paints iv) By using waterproofing slurry on the roof & covering it with tiles. 8 REFELECTIVE SURFACES FOR ROOFS Black surfaces absorb heat from the sun & hence, light or white surfaces are preferred for roofs. For roofs with no traffic like sloping roofs, domes etc., aluminum paint can be applied. Ordinary white washing of the roof surface with lime in summer is claimed to reduce the inside temperature by few degrees.