Floors and Roofs

G.CHANDAN
K.B.PRAKASH
P.VIGNESH
S.VIGNESH
FLOORS
INTRODUCTION
Floors are horizontal elements of building structures which support live
loads such as people, furnishings, and movable equipment and dead loads
(the weight of the floor itself, any non-movable, built-in components on the
floor).
It divides building into different levels for the purpose of creating more
accommodation with in the restricted space.
FACTORS CONSIDERED FOR SELECTION OF
FLOORING
Durability and wear factors.
Free from dampness.
Appearance.
Fire Resistant.
Low Maintenance cost.
METHODS OF FLOORING
1.Concrete block/ inner wall
2. Outside wall
3. Hardcore infill
4. Damp-proof membrane
5. Sand blinding
6. Min 100mm concrete
a) Solid Concrete

b) Suspended Concrete

1. Concrete block
2. Outside wall
3. Concrete block/ inner wall
4. Sleeper wall
5. Concrete beam
Types ,Method of Construction and
Advantages and Disadvantages
TYPES OF FLOORING
Cement Concrete Flooring.
Tile Flooring.
Mosaic Flooring.
Cement Concrete Floor
The floor having its topping consisting of cement concrete is called
Cement Concrete Floor or Conglomerate
CLASSIFICATION:

1. Non-monolithic or bonded floor finish concrete floor
2. Monolithic floor finish concrete floor.

1. Non-monolithic or Bonded floor finish concrete Floor
It is a flooring where topping is not laid monolithically with the base
concrete.
METHOD:

The earth is consolidated and 10cm thick layer of clean sand is spread.
10cm thick Lime Concrete (1:4:8) or Lean Cement Concrete (1:8:16) is
laid thus forming base concrete.
The topping (1:2:4) is laid on the third day of laying base cement
concrete, thus forming Non-monolithic construction.

2. Monolithic floor finish concrete Floor
It is a flooring where topping of 2cm thick concrete is laid monolithically
with the base concrete.
METHOD:

The surface of earth filling is levelled, well watered and rammed, 10cm
layer of clean and dry sand is spread over.

When the sub soil conditions are not favourable, then 5cm to 10cm thick
hard core of dry brick or rubble filling is laid.
10 cm of Base concrete is laid followed by topping concrete 2cm after
45 min to 4 hrs
Durable and wearing surface
Sustain Impact loads hence
adopted in industrial buildings
Base layer for other type of
flooring

Cause injuries if fallen
Causes nerve numb in cold
weather as since it does not
retain heat in bare foot.
Due to hardness makes it
uncomfortable to stand for
long time
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Tile Floor
The floor having its topping consisting of tiles is called tile floor.
METHOD:
The earth filling is properly consolidated, 10cm thick layer of dry sand is evenly laid.
10cm thick layer of Lime Concrete (1:4:8) is laid , compacted and cured to form a base
concrete
A thin layer of lime or cement mortar is spread with the help of screed battens.
Then the screed battens are properly levelled and fixed at the correct height.
When the surface mortar is hardened, 6mm thick bed of wet cement (1:5) is laid
and then over this the specified tiles are laid.



Tile Floor
The surplus mortar which comes out of the joints is cleaned off.

After 3 days, the joints are well rubbed with a corborundum stone to chip
off all the projecting edges.
Durable
Difficult to crack
Maintenance is easy and
so adopted in all residential
buildings .
Available in different varieties.


Does not hold heat so causes
blood clotting in bare foot
during winter
Expensive
Ceramic tiles are quite heavy
so not adopted in high rise
buildings
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Mosaic Floor
The floors having its topping consisting of mosaic tiles or small regular cubes,
square or hexagons, embedded into a cementing mixture.
METHOD:
The earth is consolidated, 10cm thick layer of clean sand is spread.

10cm thick Lime Concrete (1:4:8) or Lean Cement Concrete (1:8:16) is laid forming
base concrete.

Over this 5cm thick Lime Mortar or Cement Mortar or Lime and Surkhi mortar (1:2)
is laid.



3mm thick cementing mixture is spread, The cementing mixture consists of one part
of pozzolana, one part of marble chips and two parts of slacked lime.

Now the tiles of regular shaped marble cubes are hammered in the mortar along
the outline of the pattern.

The inner spaces are then filled with colored pieces of marble and a roller is passed
over the surface.

The surface is rubbed with pumice stone fixed to a wooden handle about 1.5m long.

The surface is then allowed to dry up for 2 weeks.

Aesthetic
In Luxury Buildings
Proper grip and traction for
the people using it
Very expensive and high cost
of maintenance
Rehabilitaion is difficult
and time consuming
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Roofs
What is a Roof ?
A roof is part of a building envelope, both the covering on the
uppermost part of a building or shelter which provides protection
from animals and weather, notably rain, but also heat, wind
and sunlight; and the framing or structure which supports the
covering.

Types of Roof construction :

1. Flat roof
2. Pitched Roof

Design elements
Design
elements
Durability
material
Constructio
n
1. Durability
2. Construction
3. Material
Roof Types
Roofing materials
The selection of roofing materials is based on the following factors.They are

1. Investment
2. Conditions
3. Energy Efficiency

Construction of Roof
Types of Roof Construction
A flat roof is generally defined as having a
pitch not greater than 15 to the horizontal
A pitched or sloping roof has a pitch
of at least 15 but often much more
Flat Roof Construction
Its constructed based on the conditions namely:
o Cold roof
o Warm roof
Pitched Roof Construction
Its constructed based on the conditions namely:
o Cold roof
o Warm roof
Thank you