Runway Safety Briefing

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FAA Runway Safety Briefing
Sun n Fun EAA Fly-In
April 2002
1
Outcome: Zero fatalities
resulting from runway
incursions.
2
What Do You Think?
Q: What is the most common runway incursion
caused by pilots?

3
Runway Incursions
A runway incursion is any occurrence on an airport
runway involving an aircraft, vehicle, person, or object on
the ground that creates a collision hazard or results in a
loss of required separation with an aircraft taking off,
landing, or intending to land.
The FAA investigates runway incursions and attributes the
occurrence to one or more of the following error types:
Operational Error
Pilot Deviation
Vehicle/Pedestrian Deviation
4
Growing demand for air travel and NAS capacity
The U.S. National Airspace System is
the Busiest in the World
Pressure to reduce delays and to enhance safety
Over 64 million operations a year = 175,000 a day (11 yr avg)
Over 650,000 pilots 240,000 aircraft
Over 450 towered
airports
Over 16,000 air traffic controllers
General Aviation accounted for 57% of FY 2001 operations
5
Runway Incursions and General
Aviation Statistics
6
General Aviation and Air Carrier
Airports by Runway Incursions
(CY1997 2001)
38
34
32
30
18
11 11 11
6 6
0
10
20
30
40
SNA VGT FXE LGB CCR APA PRC SRQ VNY SFB
General Aviation Airports
#

o
f

R
u
n
w
a
y

I
n
c
u
r
s
i
o
n
s

Air Carrier Airports
41
38
30
29
27
23
22 22
18
14
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
LAX STL PHX DFW ORD SFO BOS EWR LAS LGA
#

o
f

R
u
n
w
a
y

I
n
c
u
r
s
i
o
n
s

Total Ops (1997-2001)
SNA 2.1M STL 2.5M
LGB 2.1M PHX 2.9M
FXE 1.2M DFW 4.4M
7
Percentage of General Aviation Pilot
Deviations
CY 1997-2000 CY 2001
Non-GA
PDs 30%
GA PDs
70%
PD
54%
V/PD
20%
OE/D
25%
Non-GA
PDs 26%
GA PDs
74%
PD
56%
V/PD
21%
OE/D
23%
8
Runway Incursions
292
325
321
431
383
0
100
200
300
400
500
CY97 CY98 CY99 CY00 CY01
NON-PD
NON-PD
NON-PD
NON-PD NON-PD
PDs not
GA
94 GA
PDs
67%
PDs not
GA
PDs not
GA
PDs not
GA
PDs not
GA
194 GA
PDs
75%
135 GA
PDs
74%
122 GA
PDs
65%
158 GA
PDs
74%
Total Tower Operations (millions)
64.44 66.21 68.67 67.68 64.44 66.21 68.67 65.45
9
What Do You Think?
Q: Whats the common theme?
A: Human Error

10
Primary Causal Factors of Pilot Deviation
Runway Incursions (1997-2001)
There were 970 Pilot Deviation Runway Incursions
719 of these Pilot Deviations were able to be evaluated

Other pilot deviations included landing over aircraft in position
and landing/departing on closed runways
537 from pilot either entering the runway or crossing the
hold short line after acknowledging hold short instructions
95 from pilots departing after acknowledging taxi into
position and hold instructions
11
What Do You Think?
Q: How many pilot deviations are General Aviation?
Out of 537 pilots either entering the runway or crossing the
hold short line after acknowledging hold short instructions,
368 involved General Aviation - thats 69%!
Out of 95 pilots departing after acknowledging
taxi into position and hold instructions,
70 involved General Aviation thats 74%!
12
What Do You Think?
Q: What are the most recurring pilot deviations?
1. Pilots acknowledge hold short instructions and either
enter the runway or cross the hold short line
2. Pilots depart after acknowledging taxi into position
and hold instructions
3. Pilots land over aircraft in position
4. Pilots land/depart on closed runways
13
Helpful Hints
Read back all runway crossing and/or hold short
instructions
Review airport layouts as part of preflight planning and
before descending to land, and while taxiing as needed
Know airport signage and markings
Review Notices to Airmen (NOTAM) for information on
runway/taxiway closures and construction areas
Do not hesitate to request progressive taxi instructions
from ATC when unsure of the taxi route
14
Helpful Hints
Check for traffic before crossing any Runway Hold Line and
before entering a taxiway
Turn on aircraft lights and rotating beacon while taxiing and on
runway
When landing, clear the active runway as quickly as possible
then call for taxi instructions before further movement
Study and use proper radio phraseology as described in the
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) in order to respond to
and understand ground control instructions
Write down taxi instructions at airports
15
Sarasota Bradenton
The most recent fatal U.S. runway collision accident
occurred in March 2000, when two general aviation aircraft
collided on the runway at the Bradenton International Airport in
Sarasota, Florida, killing all four onboard.
X
16
Heres How We Are Helping
Sponsor new technology
Distribute runway safety materials
Notify pilots of certification requirements
Survey pilots on understanding of procedures
Improve data and statistics tracking
Partner with Industry to better inform our users
17
Technology
AMASS
A total of 40 Systems 37 anticipated to be commissioned
by the end of 03 at 34 airports, and 3 support
11 Systems Commissioned: San Francisco, Detroit, Los
Angeles #1 and #2, Salt Lake City, Seattle, Chicago, St.
Louis, Boston, Miami and Newark
ASDE-X
Software Development In Progress
Site Acceptance Test at Milwaukee in September 02
18
Technology
Other Technologies being assessed
Motion Activated Lighting System (MALS)
Ground Marker
Electronic Message Board
Runway Status Lights System
Safe Flight 21 Surface Moving Map

19
Advisory Circulars
AC No. 120-74
Part 121, 125 and 135 flight crew procedures during taxi
procedures
AC No. 91-73
Part 91 pilot and flight crew procedures during taxi
operations and part 135 single-pilot operations

Recently published, available through the runway
safety website (www.faa.gov/runwaysafety), and part
of an upcoming mailing to pilots.
20
Practical Test Standards
Surface operations are a required topic for practical
test standards
Required both for initial and recurrent certification for
pilots and Certified Flight Instructors
Standards will be published April 30, 2002
21
CFR Part 91.129(i) Survey
Contains a provision that states A clearance to taxi to the
takeoff runway assigned to the aircraft is not a clearance to cross that
assigned takeoff runway, or to taxi on that runway at any point, but is
a clearance to cross other runways that intersect the taxi route to that
assigned takeoff runway.
176 pilots surveyed at Oshkosh Fly-in, 7/01
Four scenarios presented
48 pilots (28.1 percent) responded correctly to all four scenarios
Majority of CFI-rated pilots, (55.8 percent), responded incorrectly
Most pilots misunderstood a taxiing clearance that
involved crossing a runway that was the assigned
takeoff runway
22
Runway Safety Website
www.faa.gov/runwaysafety
www.faa.gov/runwaysafety
23
Visit us in the FAA FSDO Safety Center hangar to
Participate in a Pilot Situational Awareness Survey
Check your knowledge of airfield markings
24
FAA Runway Safety Briefing
Sun n Fun EAA Fly-In
April 2002

Runway Safety Briefing

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