GENERATOR

Basic Structure and Parts

External Appearance
External Feature
Radiator
Radiator Cap
Terminal Box
Alternator
Air Cleaner
Fuel Filter
Oil Filter
Fuel Pump
Oil Tank
Exhaust Pipe
Water Pipe


A generator can be divided into two main sections.
They are (1) Alternator
(2) Engine

How does a generator work?
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical
energy obtained from an external source into electrical energy
as the output.

Parts of Generator
12V or 24V Starter Battery
Charging Dynamo
AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator)
Starter Motor
Fuel Pump
Water Pump (Coolant Circulating Pump)
Oil Pump
Radiator
Air Cleaner
Fuel Filter
Oil Filter
Governor
Control Unit

12V Battery
It is used to power up to the starter motor.
Charging Dynamo









It is used for charging the battery .
It is connected with a belt which is linked to the crankshaft pulley.
Testing Charging Dynamo
AVR







As the name implies, this component regulates the output voltage of the
generator. The mechanism is described below against each component
that plays a part in the cyclical process of voltage regulation.















Starter Motor







The modern starter motor is either a permanent-magnet or series-parallel wound direct
current electric motor with a starter solenoid mounted on it. When current from the
starter battery is applied to the solenoid, usually through a key-operated switch, the
solenoid engages a lever that pushes out the drive pinion on the starter driveshaft and
meshes the pinion with the starter ring gear on the flywheel of the engine.








Connection between the battery and the starter motor






Fuel Pump









Fuel Pump
It accurately meters the fuel and delivers it under high
pressure at a precise moment to the spray nozzle of the fuel injector.
Layout diagram of fuel system
Fuel spraying and combustion
Water Pump






The water pump is a simple centrifugal pump driven by a
belt connected to the crankshaft of the engine. The
pump circulates fluid whenever the engine is running.
Assembly of a water pump
Oil Pump





The oil can be circulated for some time prior to the engine being
started. The oil can also be heated to bring the temperature of the
engine up and prevent serious differential expansion of the different
metals.

Radiator












Radiators are heat exchangers which are used to transfer thermal
energy from one medium to another for the purpose of cooling and
heating.
Air Filter









A particulate air filter is a device composed of fibrous materials which
removes solid particulates such as dust, pollen, mold, and bacteria
from the air.
Fuel Filter







A fuel filter is a filter in the fuel line that screens out dirt and rust
particles from the fuel, normally made into cartridges containing a
filter paper.

Interior View of a Fuel Filter
Oil Filter









The function of an oil filer is to remove contaminants from the engine oil.
The cleaned oil is recirculated through the engine after leaving the filter.
Governor

















A vital component of any diesel engine system is the governor, which limits the
speed of the engine by controlling the rate of fuel delivery.










Fuel control
The governor (from previous section) causes the control rod to move horizontally, this
twists the pumping element which controls the amount of fuel delivered.
Stop Control
When the stop is operated the rack is pulled fully one way to the "NO FUEL" position.

Control Unit
Simple Control Panel
Thermo Meter
Hour Meter
Oil Pressure
Gauge
Volt Meter
Electronic Control Panel








Wiring Diagram of 3phase Generator

Structure of a three-phase alternator
Structure of a three-phase alternator
Assembly of diodes mounted on an exciter rotor
Troubleshooting
Maintenance
Daily Maintenance







Servicing after initial 250 hours of operation


1. Change the engine's lube oil and oil filter.

2. Replace the fuel filter elements in the electric fuel lift pump and in the
engine-mounted filter assembly.

3. Torque the cylinder head hold-down bolts.

4. Adjust valve clearances.
Servicing after 500 hours of operation
Thank You.