RENEWABLE FUEL LESS HYBRID ELECTRIC

VEHICLES (HEV)
(CLEAN & FUEL SAVING TECHNOLOGY)





Presented by
P.SABARISH KUMAR
950013413013
ABSTRACT

Today automobiles are identified as one of major
causes of air pollution and energy depletion.
Any vehicle that combines two or more sources of
power that can directly or indirectly provides
propulsion power is a hybrid.
The gasoline electric hybrid car is just that a cross
between a gasoline powered car and electric car.
Hybrid cars run with a rechargeable battery and
gasoline.
Both engine and electric motor can turn the
transmission at the same time and the transmission
then turns the wheels.
INTRODUCTION

The main problem the world is facing is
environmental pollution.
The major reasons for the pollution are
industrialization and internal combustion engines.
In order to overcome the problem of pollution, many
alternative fuels are in developing stage. Among these
some of the sources are:

1. Solar energy
2. Fuel cells
3. Electric vehicles.
4. Hybrid vehicles

SOLAR ENERGY

There is no pollution. Eliminates both environmental
and political concerns

Many times climatic conditions dont support use of
solar energy.

But silicon plates are to be manufactured. But
technology developed cant produce the silicon plates
with less cost and with less easy.

Abundant energy

HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS

hydrogen which is mostly abundant is the
main sources of fuel cells

Eliminates both environmental and political
concerns

Extraction of hydrogen is extremely difficult
with the present technology.

ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Causes no pollution.
Not enough power output
Applicable only to lighter vehicles
Involves high manufacturing cost.


Experts hope that vehicles based on solar energy
are expected to reach its full development by 2020.

In addition to this a conventional car meets
requirements of customer and generally gets poor
mileage, causes heavy environmental pollution and
wastage of fuel.




DEFINITION
Hybrid engine is the engine which consists of:

At least 2 different energy converters and 2
different energy sources for the vehicle
propulsion

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) combine
advantages of both the engines and electrical
source

Advantages.

Increases fuel economy

Reduces pollution

Decreasing dependence on fossil fuels

No wastage of fossil fuels.

Drive at least 300 miles (482 km) between re-fueling.

Be refueled quickly and easily

WORKING

An internal combustion vehicle has a fuel tank, which
supplies gasoline to the engine. The engine then turns
a transmission, which turns the wheels.

The motor turns a transmission, and the transmission
turns the wheels. The hybrid is a compromise.

It attempts to significantly increase the mileage and
reduce the emissions of a gas-powered car while
overcoming the shortcomings of an electric car.

TYPES
A gasoline-electric car combines these two setups
both IC engines and electric vehicles into one system
that runs on both fuel power and electric power. But
there are two different kinds of hybrid structures of
arrangements in this setup.
They are.
1. A parallel hybrid car
2. A series hybrid car.


SERIES HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES:

It has tank that pumps gasoline to the engine
Engine turns a generator
Generator can either charge the batteries or power
an electric motor
Only the electric motor drives the transmission

PARALLEL HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES:

It has a fuel tank that supply gasoline or diesel to
engine.
Engine and electric motor turn the transmission at
the same time
Capable of working simultaneously and
independently.
Both the electric motor and the IC engine can provide
propulsion power.

HYBRID STRUCTURE:


HYBRID STRUCTURE:

Gasoline engine
Electric storage devices:
Fuel tank
Electric motor
Generator
Transmission

The Mercedes-Benz M-Class HyPer -- a
hybrid concept vehicle

Electric Storage Devices: -
This is the main component which differs HEV
from the conventional vehicles ( ICE).
It is the main reason for HEVs characteristics
like: no pollution vehicles and energy saving
vehicles.
So this component has to be studied clearly.
characteristics:

High specific energy
low manufacturing cost
Safety
Long cycle life
Charge quickly from variety of sources
Discharge quickly: so that it can supply
enough power during acceleration of the
vehicle.
Types of electric storage devices:


There are three types of energy storage
devices are developed so far. they are:
1. fly wheel

2. Batteries

3. Ultra capacitors.

FLYWHEELS:
This part mainly consists of three parts:

1. rotating cylinder

2. turbo generator

3. magnetic coils

FLYWHEELS:
Turbo generator in the flywheel rotates the
cylinder which cuts magnetic flux.
Then the mechanical energy, which rotates
the cylinder, is converted into electrical
energy.
Required magnetic flux is produced by the
magnetic coils which are placed around the
rotating cylinder.
To extract energy the magnetic fields are
altered to act as an electric generator
ADVANTAGES OF FLYWHEEL TYPE
ELECTRIC STORAGE DEVICES

1. Operates in a wider temperature range than
batteries and capacitors
2. Higher specific energy than lead acid batteries

DISADVANTAGES:
1. Cost
2. Material
3. Manufacture

BATTERIES:

Lead acid batteries:

Nickel Metal Hydride batteries:

Lithium Polymer batteries:

A DVANTAGES OF HYBRID ENGINES:

Instantaneous fuel consumption decoupled from
instantaneous road loads Road load and engine
load are decoupled

Inherent bi-directionality of the engine/work
loop. Energy transfer occurs both ways

Control strategy dictated by vehicle mission

Hybrid Efficiency and Performance :
The big engine is heavier than the small engine,
so the vehicle uses extra energy every time it
accelerates or drives up a hill.

The displacement of the cylinders is larger, so
more fuel is required by each cylinder.

Bigger engines usually have more cylinders, and
each cylinder uses fuel every time the engine
fires, even if the vehicle isn't moving.

Recover energy and store it in the battery

Sometimes shut off the engine

Use advanced aerodynamics to reduce drag

Use lightweight materials

CONCLUSIONS:

From the above discussion we can conclude that
HEV means Clean and Fuel Saving Technology for
the Current and Future Vehicles High Cost/Price is
still a big issue to be solved.
This problem can only be eliminated by Collaboration
between industries and government to lower the
barriers (such as taxes) on the customer and
industries to adopt these Eco-friendly technologies.
Does Hybrid meets future vehicle
requirements?


Good performance YES
High efficiency YES
Low environmental impacts YES
Cost effective YES