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n
M
N
N = nmero de granos por plg
2
n = tamao de grano
Cuando las amplificaciones son diferentes a 100x
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Nmero de granos
Granos enteros: 8
Medios granos: 15
Granos totales: 8 + 15/2 = 15,5
1
1
2
3
4
8
5
6
7
2
15
14
4 5
6
7
8
9 10
11
12
13
3
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Segn la American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM):
n= 2
N-1
@100x
Siendo: n = nmero de granos en una pulgada cuadrada a 100 x
N = nmero de grano ASTM (E 112)
Tamao de la micrografa: (77 mm * 101 mm)
n = Granos totales / (tamao micrografa/25,4
2
) =
= 15,5 / [(77*101)/(25,4*25,4)] = 1,3 granos/inch
2
1,3 = 2
N-1
log 1,3 = (N-1) log 2; N = (log 1,3/log 2) + 1 = 1,4
N 1 ASTM
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
ASTM 9 ASTM 9,5
ASTM 10
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Tamao de los Granos
La ecuacin de Hall-Petch relaciona el tamao de grano con
el esfuerzo de fluencia (o
y
)
d = dimetro promedio de los granos
o
0
y K = constantes para el metal (tensin de friccin que se
opone al movimiento de las dislocaciones, medida de la
extensin del apilamiento de dislocaciones frente a las
barreras, respectivamente)
4-27
2 / 1
0
+ = Kd
y
o o
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Propiedades del tamao de los de Granos
4-27
Efecto de los tamaos de los granos sobre el lmite
elstico del acero a temperatura ambiente