Concept and Expressi on

CONSESSION AND
CONTRAST
Concessi on i s the admissi on of a fact whi ch might appear to
fal sify a statement, but whi ch i n fact does not.

Example :

Ni trogen i s scarce i n the Earths crust, although for many years
the mai n suppl y of nitrates came from the rai nless parts of
South America


CONSESSION
Consession and
Contrast
Adverbial
Adjunct
Sentence
Adverbial
Clauses of
Concession
The most common adverbial expression
indicating concession is:



Example :
in spite of its different composition,
duprene resembles rubber more than any
other single substance.
It was soon discovered that... regardless
of its nature the tobacco mosaic was
suspectible to chemical attack.


A
D
V
E
R
B
I
A
L

A
D
J
U
N
C
T



in spite of
Regardless

CLAUSES OF CONCESSIONS
Though
Even though

Whi le
Whi lst
Where as
No matter what
Though can be used interchangeably with
Altough
Even though is a more emphatic from of
Though

Ni trogen i s scarce i n the Earth s crust, although for many
years the mai n supply of ni trates came from the rai nl ess parts
of South America

The name HALOGEN . . . is now applied exlusively to the four
elements flourine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, even though
sulphur also unites directly with metals to form salts.

EXAMPLE

CLAUSES OF CONCESSIONS :
Though
Even though
While
Whilst
Whereas
No matter what
While, whilst and whereas are
closely related, and can be used
interchangeably.
They are usually used in balance
sentences in which two perhaps
opposite statements are made about
related subjects.
two different things are happening at
the same time
The alumunium is converted into oxide while the
other metal is left in the metallic state.

Thi s sentence coul d be i nterpreted ei t her as a t i me or a concessi on
st atemen. I n t he sentence whi ch fol l ows, whi l e coul d onl y be i nterpreted to
mean concessi on. I ts sense i s ver y cl ose to that of but:

Methods of preparati on whi ch i nvolved breaki ng down larger
parti cles to coll oidal size are referred to as dispersi on
methods, while those whi ch cause the growth from molecular
to col l oidal size are called condensati on or aggregati on
methods.

. . . some [i somers] are found i n nature, whi le others are sol el y
of arti fi cial ori gi n.

. . . as a general rul e, oxi des of non- metal s are aci dic oxi des
whi l st those of metal s are basi c oxi des.

. . . whi lst chl ori ne wi l l di splace i odi ne from potassi um i odi de
to form potassium chl oride, i odi ne, when heated wi th
potassium chl orate, wi l l di spl ace chl ori ne and form i odate.

I n type II shown, C occupies a mi nimum posi tion, whereas i n
Type I I I i t i s a maxi mum.

No matter what ( how, when, etc) indicates negative
concession :

The values l
a
and l
c
for an ani on are always the same, no
matter what the cati on or ani on i s with whi ch they are
respectively combi ned.


Finally, we should note that no matter what may be
rephrased as whatever. No matter how as however and so on.
(these are connectives; and however used in this way i s not to
be confused with i s use as a sentence adverb-see below) here
i s an example, using whatever:

If the liquid i n the beaker i s alcohol, ether, chloroform,
benzene or turpentine . . . the ammeter will show no current
passing, whatever increase may be made i n the voltage
used.


Sentence adverbials which correspond to the idea of a
concessive clause make explicit the fact that the sentence
which they introduce may contrast in some way with the
preceding one, or contain some sort of exception to i t.
The most common of these adverbials are:
however,
neverheless,
on the other hand.
SENTENCE ADVERBIALS
Fluorine will therefore displace chlorine from its salts,
chlorine will displace bromine, and bromine will displace
iodine. Even iodine, however, i s sufficiently electronegative
to accept electrons from nearly all the metals and thus to
unite directly with them.
. . . only 55, 000 tons [of nitrogen] were added to the soil in the
form of artificial fertilizers. Nevertheless, artificial nitrogen
fertilizers have greatly increased farm production, especially
i n Europe an America.


EXAMPLE
A clear idea of the use of on the other hand will be obtained
from the following:

Consider the distillation of a mixture of composition given by X.
Flask will become richer in A and finally, pure A can be obtained
from such a mixture but never pure B. If, on the other
hand, a mixture of composition Y is distilled . . . from all
mixtures to the right of the constant boiling mixture, pure B but
never pure A can be obtained.

EXAMPLE