PRESENTED BY:PROSENJIT CHATTERJEE(ROLL NO:68)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING(SKFGI)

WHAT IS PLC
INTRODUCTION OF PLC
HISTORICAL BRACKGROUND
PROGRAMMBLE CONTROLLER DEVELOPMENT
LEADING BRANDS OF PLC
AREA OF APPLICATION
PLC SIZE
MAJOR COMPONENTS OF A COMMON PLC
TYPES OF PLC CONSTRUCTION
PLC LADDER DIAGRAM INSTRUCTIONS
PLC HARDWARE DESIGN
BASIC PLC PROGRAMMING
WHAT IS SCADA
INTRODUCTION OF SCADA
SCADA PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
APPLICATION OF SCADA
SCADA FUNCTION
HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF SCADA
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
































Programmable Logic Controllers are solid
state devices that can be programmed to
performed sequential and discrete state
operation on external equipment

They are designed to perform the logic
functions previously accomplished by
electromechanical relays, drum switches,
mechanical and electronic timers and
counters, standalone digital PID
controllers etc.

Advantages of PLCs:
Flexible
Faster response time
Less and simpler wiring
Solid-state and no moving parts
Modular design and easy to repair
Handles much more complicated systems
sophisticated instruction sets available
Less expensive
Communications Capability:
The Hydromantic Division of the General
Motors Corporation specified the design
criteria for the first programmable controller in
1968 .
To eliminate the high costs associated with
inflexible, relay-controlled systems.
1968: Programmable logic controller developed

1969: Hardware CPU controller with logic instruction,1K
of memory and 128 I/O points

1974: Use of several processors with in PLC-timers and
counters, arithmetic operation,12K of memory and
1024 I/O points

1976: Remote input /output systems introduced

1977: Microprocessor based PLC introduced




1980: Intelligence I/O module developed


1983 :Low cost small PLC introduced


1985 ON: Networking of all level of PLC,computer
and machine using SCADA software.

AMERICAN:
1. Allen Bradley
2. Gould Modicon
3.Texas Instruments
4. General Electric
5. Cutter Hammer
6. Square D
EUROPEAN:
1. Siemens
2. Festo
3.Telemechanique



JAPANESE:
1.Toshiba
2.Omron
3.Fanuc
4.Mitsubishi
Manufacturing / Machining

Food / Beverage

Metals

Power

Mining

Petrochemical / Chemical

1.SMALL: It covers units with up 128 I/Os ports
and memories up to 2 Kbytes.

2.MEDIUM: Have to 2048 I/Os and memories up
to 32 Kbytes.

3.LARGE: The most sophisticated units of the
PLC family. They have to 8192 I/Os and
memories up to 750 Kbytes. Can control
individual production process.
PROCESSOR
INPUT
MODULE
POWER
SUPPLY
PROGRAMMING
DEVICE
OUTPUT
MODULE
i. Compact PLC
ii. Modular PLC
iii. PLC Plug-in Card

I. Compact PLC:


Figure 1: Compact PLC
II.Modular PLC:

Figure 2: Modular PLC
III.PLC Plug-in Card:

Figure 3: PLC Plug in Card
1) Relay,
2) Timer and counter,
3) Program control,
4) Arithmetic,
5) Data manipulation,
6) Data transfer, and
7) Others, such as sequencers.

ON : TRUE, contact closure, energize, etc.
OFF: FALSE, contact open , de-energize, etc.

A
R1
PB1
PB2
R1
R1
start
emergency stop
Rail
Rung


Microprocessor
/ CPU
ROM


RAM


Input
Output


Data BUS
Control Bus
Address Bus
Figure 4: Design of Basic Microcomputer
L2 L1
N.O
C
CONTACTOR
L2
L1
O:4
0
CONTACTOR
L1
L2
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
Supervisory
Operator/s, engineer/s, supervisor/s, etc
Control
Monitoring
Limited
Telemetry
Remote/Local
Data acquisition
Access and acquire information or data from the
equipment
Sends it to different sites through telemetry
Analog / Digital

SCADAsystems are usually designed to be fault-tolerant
systems with significant redundancy built into the
system architecture.
Interface with Physical Devices
Remote terminal unit (RTU)
Intelligent electronic device (IED)
Programmable logic controller (PLC)
Communications
Directly wired (typical for shorter
distances)
Power line carrier (less common)
Microwave (very frequently used)
Radio (VHF, spread spectrum)
Fiber optic (gaining popularity)
Supervisory Control
Data Acquisition
Real Time Database
Graphical Operator Interface
Alarm Processing
Data Historian/Strip Chart Trending
Mapboard Interface
Almost every business in the manufacturing
sector and many in the service sector
Aerospace
Bottling and Canning
Chemicals Plants
Petroleum, Petrochemical
Hardware
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) - Standardized on Allen-
Bradley SLC and Micrologix controllers


MAS/MDS radios and modems for Radio
Communication

Standardized on Rockwell Software
RSLogix for programming
RSLinx for communications
RSView for Operator Interface
RSMessenger for Alarm Paging
LapLink Software allows connection to operator workstation from a
remote computer through a dial-up modem