Database Management

LOGO

Mohd Hisham Mohd Sharif

College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia
06010 UUM Sintok, Kedah Darul Aman
hisham79@uum.edu.my
www.spk.uum.edu.my/hisham79

TIM5013 – IT for Managers

 Bit (a binary digit): represents a circuit that is
either on or off
Byte: typically made up of eight bits

Character: a byte represents a character; the basic

building block of information

 Can be an uppercase letter, lowercase letter,

numeric digit, or special symbol

Field: typically a name, number, or combination of

characters that describes an aspect of a business

object or activity

Principles of Information Systems,

TIM5013Eighth
– ITEdition
for Managers 2
 Record: collection of related data fields
File: collection of related records

Database: collection of integrated and related files

Hierarchy of data

 Bits, characters, fields, records, files, and

databases


Principles of Information Systems,

TIM5013Eighth
– ITEdition
for Managers 3
 Figure 5.1: The Hierarchy of Data

Principles of Information Systems,

TIM5013Eighth
– ITEdition
for Managers 4
Main Components of Database : Entities,
Attributes, and Keys

§ Entity: generalized class of people, places, or

things (objects) for which data is collected,
stored, and maintained
§ Attribute: characteristic of an entity
§ Data item: specific value of an attribute
§ Key: field or set of fields in a record that is used
to identify the record
§ Primary key: field or set of fields that uniquely
identifies the record

TIM5013 – IT for Managers

Data Entities, Attributes, and Keys
(continued)

Figure 5.2: Keys and Attributes

TIM5013 – IT for Managers

Introducing The Database

§ Database is a shared, integrated computer

structure that stores a collection of :
§ End User Data
§ Metadata
§ DBMS: a collection of programs that manages the
database structure and controls access to the
data

TIM5013 – IT for Managers

The Database Approach

§ Traditional approach to data management:

separate data files are created and stored for
each application program
 cannot perform queries
 complex administration
 difficult to make changes
 lack security features
 Data redundancy & inconsistency
 Data anomalies
§ Database approach to data management: a
pool of related data is shared by multiple
application programs
§ Offers significant advantages over the
TIM5013
traditional – IT for Managers
file-based approach
The Database Approach (continued)

Figure 5.3: The Database Approach to Data Management

TIM5013 – IT for Managers

The Relational Database Model

§ Relational model: describes data in which all

data elements are placed in two-dimensional
tables, called relations, that are the logical
equivalent of files
§ Each table represents an entity
§ Columns of the table represent attributes
§

TIM5013 – IT for Managers

The Relational Database Model
(continued)

Figure 5.5: A Relational Database Model

TIM5013 – IT for Managers

Database Management Systems

§ Creating and implementing the right database

system ensures that the database will support
both business activities and goals
§ DBMS: a group of programs used as an interface
between a database and application programs
or a database and the user

TIM5013 – IT for Managers

Popular DBMSs for end users include Microsoft’s
Access and FileMaker Pro
Complete database management software market

includes:
 Software for professional programmers

 Databases for midrange, mainframe, and

supercomputers
Examples of open-source database systems:

PostgreSQL and MySQL

Many traditional database programs are now

available on open-source operating systems

TIM5013 – IT for Managers 13

Overview of Database Types

§ Flat file
§ Simple database program whose records
have no relationship to one another
§ Single user
§ Only one person can use the database at a
time
§ Examples: Access, FileMaker, and InfoPath
§ Multiple user
§ Allows dozens or hundreds of people to
access the same database system at the
same time
§ Examples: Oracle, Sybase, and IBM

TIM5013 – IT for Managers

Storing and Retrieving Data (continued)

Figure 5.12: Logical and Physical Access Paths

TIM5013 – IT for Managers

Database Applications

§ Today’s database applications manipulate the

content of a database to produce useful
information
§ Common manipulations are searching, filtering,
synthesizing, and assimilating the data
contained in a database using a number of
database applications

TIM5013 – IT for Managers

 Thank You…

LOGO

Mohd Hisham Mohd Sharif

College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia
06010 UUM Sintok, Kedah Darul Aman
hisham79@uum.edu.my
www.spk.uum.edu.my/hisham79

TIM5013 – IT for Managers