Internal Forces 7

Engineering Mechanics:
Statics in SI Units, 12e
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
Chapter Objectives
Method of sections for determining the internal
loadings in a member
Develop procedure by formulating equations that
describe the internal shear and moment throughout a
member

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Chapter Outline
1. Internal Forces Developed in Structural Members
2. Shear and Moment Equations and Diagrams
3. Relations between Distributed Load, Shear and
Moment

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7.1 Internal Forces Developed in Structural Members
The design of any structural or mechanical member
requires the material to be used to be able to resist
the loading acting on the member
These internal loadings can be determined by the
method of sections
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7.1 Internal Forces Developed in Structural Members
Force component N, acting normal to the beam at the
cut section is the normal/axial force
V, acting tangent to the section is the shear force
Couple moment M is referred as the bending moment

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7.1 Internal Forces Developed in Structural Members
Procedure for Analysis
Support Reactions
Before cut, determine the members support reactions
Equilibrium equations used to solve internal loadings
during sectioning

Free-Body Diagrams
Keep all distributed loadings, couple moments and
forces acting on the member in their exact locations
After section draw FBD of the segment having the
least loads
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7.1 Internal Forces Developed in Structural Members
Procedure for Analysis
Free-Body Diagrams (Continue)
Indicate the x, y components of the force, couple
moments and resultant couple moments on FBD
Only N, V and M act at the section


Equations of Equilibrium
Moments should be summed at the section
If negative result, the sense is opposite
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Example 7.3
Determine the internal force, shear force and the bending
moment acting at point B of the two-member frame.
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Solution
Support Reactions
FBD of each member
Member AC
M
A
= 0;
-400kN(4m) + (3/5)F
DC
(8m)= 0
F
DC
= 333.3kN
+ F
x
= 0;
-A
x
+ (4/5)(333.3kN) = 0
A
x
= 266.7kN
+ F
y
= 0;
A
y
400kN + 3/5(333.3kN) = 0
A
y
= 200kN
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Solution
Support Reactions
Member AB
+ F
x
= 0; N
B
266.7kN = 0
N
B
= 266.7kN
+ F
y
= 0; 200kN 200kN - V
B
= 0
V
B
= 0
M
B
= 0; M
B
200kN(4m) + 200kN(2m) = 0
M
B
= 400kN.m
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
7.2 Shear and Moment Equations and Diagrams
Beams structural members designed to support
loadings perpendicular to their axes
A simply supported beam is pinned at one end and
roller supported at the other
A cantilevered beam is fixed at one end and free at
the other
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
7.2 Shear and Moment Equations and Diagrams
Procedure for Analysis
Support Reactions
Find all reaction acting on the beam


Shear and Moment Reactions
V obtained by summing the forces perpendicular to
the beam
M obtained by summing moments about the sectioned
end
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
7.2 Shear and Moment Equations and Diagrams
Procedure for Analysis
Shear and Moment Reactions (Continue)
Plot (V versus x) and (M versus x)
Convenient to plot the shear and the bending moment
diagrams below the FBD of the beam
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Example 7.7
Draw the shear and bending moments diagrams for the
shaft. The support at A is a thrust bearing and the support
at C is a journal bearing.
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Solution
Support Reactions
FBD of the shaft
m xkN M M
kN V F
y
. 5 . 2 ; 0
5 . 2 ; 0


m kN x M
x kN m x kN M M
kN V
V kN kN F
y
. ) 5 . 2 10 (
0 ) ( 5 . 2 ) 2 ( 5 ; 0
5 . 2
0 5 5 . 2 ; 0




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Solution
Shear diagram
Internal shear force is always positive within the shaft AB.

Just to the right of B, the shear force
changes sign and remains at
constant value for segment BC.

Moment diagram
Starts at zero, increases linearly to
B and therefore decreases to zero.