Chapter 7 Section 3

Objectives:
Describe the relationship between pressure
and fluid speed

Analyze the roles of lift, thrust, and wing size

in flight

Describe drag, and explain how it affects lift

Explain Pascal’s principle

 Fluid Speed & Pressure:
Property of moving fluids- Bernoulli’s Principle
As the speed of a moving fluid increases, the
fluid’s pressure decreases

Ex: try the two sheets of paper demo

Ex: table tennis ball in a stream of water

http://pilotsweb.com/principle/art/venturi01.
jpg
 Factors That Affect
Flight:
Bernoulli: fast moving air above the wing exerts
less pressure than slow moving air below the wing;
the greater pressure below the wind exerts an
upward force [Lift] – wing shape is the key!

Lift pushes the wings upward against the

downward pull of gravity

http://www.hiflykites.co.za/kite-online-shop/x-zylo-flying-principles-
3.gif
 Thrust & Lift:
Amount of lift is determined by the speed of
the air traveling around the wing

Speed is determined by thrust

Thrust: the forward force produced by a

plan’e’s engine

http://library.thinkquest.org/2819/graphics/force
s.jpg
http://www.yesmag.ca/focus/flight/bernoulli
.gif
Wing Size, Speed, and
Lift
Lift depends on wing size

Jet create a large amount of lift with small

wings because it has a strong thrust

Glider has large wings to create lift, no

engine, no thrust,
Bernoulli & Birds:
Birds flap wings because they have no engines

Small birds flap at a fast rate, large birds flap slowly

 Bernoulli & Baseball:
Throwing a screwball or curveball that is
difficult to hit

http://library.thinkquest.org/C005776F/images/curveball.jp http://www.lokeshdhakar.com/images/2007/baseball_pitches/screwb
g all.png
Drag & Motion in Fluids:
Drag: the force that opposes or restricts motion in
a fluid

Ex: walking in a strong wind

Caused by an irregular flow of air “turbulence”

 Turbulence & Lift:
Lift is reduced when turbulence causes drag

Planes have flaps to reduce turbulence

Flaps change the shape or area of the wing,

reducing drag and increasing lift

http://virtualskies.arc.nasa.gov/aeronautics/tutorial/images/FlapsAile
rons.gif
 Pascal’s Principle:
A fluid in equilibrium contained in a vessel exerts a
pressure of equal intensity in all directions

A change in pressure at any point in an enclosed

fluid will be transmitted equally in all parts of that
fluid

http://panda.unm.edu/Courses/Price/Phys160/F33-
3.jpeg
Pascal’s Principle &
Motion:
Hydraulic devices use Pascal’s principle to move
of lift objects

Hydraulic devices can multiply forces (use

liquids)

Ex: car brakes

Quick Quiz:
What forces act on an aircraft?

When an airplane is flying, does the air

pressure above a wing compare with that
below the wing?

How is thrust related to the speed of an

airplane?