CARBON AND ITS

COMPOUNDS
Done by
Mohan Raj B Mohan Raj S
Manikandhan M Mahesh Babu
T S






Name of the Teacher: Gopala Krishnan
OCCURRENCE OF CARBON
i)Carbon is found in the atmosphere, inside the earths
crust and in all living organisms.
ii) Carbon is present in fuels like wood, coal, charcoal,
coke, petroleum, natural gas, biogas, marsh gas etc.


Contd
iii) Carbon is present in compounds like
carbonates,
hydrogen carbonates etc.
iv) Carbon is found in the free state as diamond,
graphite, fullerenes etc.

What is Carbon?
Carbon belongs to the group IV of the periodic
table.
It has four electrons in its outermost orbit, so
its valency is four.
Carbon is a non-metal.

Why so many Carbon Compounds
in nature?
Because carbon is chemically unique.

Only carbon atoms have the ability to combine
with themselves to form long chains

Carbon- Long Chains
A long chain, in turn, provides a convenient
backbone of atoms to which other atoms can
attach themselves in a variety of ways

Allotropes of Carbon
In nature, pure carbon occur in two forms-
Diamond
Graphite
What are Allotropes ?
Allotropes are elements which are chemically
identical, but they differ markedly in their
physical properties.

Diamond and Graphite two allotropes of
carbon differ in their physical properties.

Physical Properties of Diamond
and Graphite
pertyPROPERTY DIAMOND GRAPHITE
Appearance

Transparent

Black, Shiny

Hardness

Very Hard

Soft, slippery to touch

Thermal Conductivity

Very poor

moderate

Electrical Conductivity

Poor

Good conductor

Density(kg/m3)

3510

2250

Uses

Jewellery, drilling

Dry cell, electric arc,
lubricant, pencil lead

How Diamond and Graphite are
chemically identical?
These results of these experiments
answer this question:

On heating diamond or graphite in the air,
they burn completely to form carbon
dioxide.

Equal quantities of diamond and graphite
when burned, produce exactly the same
amount of carbon dioxide.

Why the physical properties of
diamond and graphite are so different?
Due to the difference in the arrangement of
carbon atoms in diamond and graphite
Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons are compounds of carbon and
hydrogen.
The natural source
of hydrocarbons is
petroleum (crude oil)

The Simplest Hydrocarbon

A molecule of
methane has four
hydrogen atoms
linked to one central
atom of carbon.


Methane CH
4

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Alkanes
The hydrocarbons methane, ethane propane
and butane form a series of carbon
compounds known as alkanes

The alkanes series can be represented by the
general formula

Isomerism
Compounds having the same molecular
formulae but different structural arrangement of
atoms in them are known as isomers, and the
phenomenon is known as isomerism

Isomers of Butane
Obtained by rearranging
the carbon and the
hydrogen atoms
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain a double or
triple bond between two carbon atoms.
The one with double bond are called alkenes

Alkenes

Alkynes
Unsaturated hydrocarbons which contain triple
bond between two carbon atoms.


THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND
ATTENTION