Element 8 Occup Incident Accident

Copyright RMS Publishing
IGC First Edition - IGC1 Element 8 - v.1.0 - Slide 1

860409
NEBOSH
International
General Certificate
860409
Licence details
RMS Publishing Limited
Victoria House, Lower High Street, Stourbridge DY8 1TA

ACT Associates Limited.

First Edition September 2007.

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Issued to: Strabag
Single Licence
Licence No: 860409

860409
NEBOSH
International
General Certificate
860409
Unit IGC1
Management of
International health
and safety
860409
Element 8

Occupational incident and
accident investigation,
recording and reporting
860409

8.1 Explain the purpose of, and procedures for,
investigating occupational incidents
(accidents, cases of work-related ill-health
and other occurrences)
8.2 Describe the organisational requirements for
recording and reporting such incidents

Learning outcomes
Occupational incident and accident investigation
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8.1 The process and purpose of investigating
occupational incidents
8.2 The organisational requirements for
recording and reporting occupational
incidents
Contents of element
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incidents
Contents of element
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Role and function of investigation of accidents
Different types of incident
Basic accident investigation procedures
Interviews, plans, photographs, relevant records and
checklists
Identifying immediate and (root) underlying causes
Identifying remedial actions
The process and purpose of investigating occupational incidents
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Why investigate?
Role of investigation
Function of investigation
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Humane
Economic
Legal
Why investigate?
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Establish what happened
Identify measures to prevent a recurrence
Establish legal and/or worker compensation liability
Data gathering
Identification of trends
Determine the causes of what happened, including
underlying causes
Role of investigation
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Need to establish the causes
Identify weaknesses in current systems
Determine economic losses
Recommend actions to prevent a recurrence
Determine compliance with statutory requirements
Improve staff relations
Acquire statistics
Prepare for criminal/civil action and provide
insurance/worker compensation data
Function of investigation
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Outcome
Injury
Ill-health
Dangerous occurrence
Near-miss
Damage only
Incident
Different types of incident
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Approach to investigation
Preparing for the investigation
Training for the reporting of accidents / incidents
Scope and depth of investigation
Types of investigations
Investigation guidelines
Summary of actions to be taken
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Approach to investigation
Step 1: Gathering the information
Step 2: Analysing the information
Step 3: Identifying suitable risk control measures
Step 4: The action plan and its implementation

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Preparing for the investigation
Determine who should be involved
Ensure that the accident scene remains undisturbed
Collate all relevant existing documents
Identify the persons (witnesses)
Check legal reporting requirements have been met
Ascertain the equipment that will be needed
Determine the style and depth of the investigation
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Training for the reporting of accidents / incidents
Importance of reporting accidents
Types of incident
Lines of reporting
How to complete internal documents and forms
How to report to external organisations
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Scope and depth of investigation
All accidents should be investigated
A study of minor injuries and near misses can often
reveal a major hazard
The depth of investigation should depend on the severity
of actual or potential loss
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Types of investigations
Supervisory investigations
Formal investigation
- Senior manager
- Supervisor / team leader
- Competent person to give technical advice
- Safety professional
- Worker representative

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Investigation guidelines
Personal safety
As soon as possible
Objective
Witnesses
Identify the root causes
Questions
Open mind
Approach witness without bias
Notes
Interviews are of critical importance
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Summary of actions to be taken
Isolating services and making the area safe
Administering first-aid treatment and summoning
emergency services
Informing the next of kin
Notifying the enforcement authority
Collecting initial evidence such as photographs, sketches
and the names of witnesses
Setting up the accident investigation

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Interviews
Recording the details
Conducting interview in private
Interviewing more than one person
Confidential approach
Informal
Summarising your understanding
Appreciation for the witnesses information
Translating conclusions
Interviews, plans, photographs, relevant records
and checklists
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Plans
Provide a clear indication of the accident
Sketch plans
Layout plans

and checklists
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Photographs
Record and preserve images of accident scenes or
resulting injuries
Can be useful if the situation changes with time through
corrective actions
and checklists
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Relevant records
Opinions
Experiences
Observations
Measurements
Check sheets
Work permits
Risk assessments
Method statements
Training records
and checklists
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Checklists
What happened - the loss
How it happened - the event
Why it happened - the causes
Recommendations - remedial (and preventive)
action

and checklists
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Identifying immediate causes
Unsafe acts
Unsafe conditions
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Root or underlying causes
Loss
Event (accident or incident)
Immediate (direct) causes
Indirect (root or underlying) causes
Lack of management control
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Domino theory of accident causation
Source: Frank Bird.
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Action following a serious accident
Reports and follow-up
Summary
Identifying remedial actions
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incidents
Contents of element
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Internal systems for collecting, analysing and communicating
data
Organisational requirements for recording and reporting
incidents
Typical examples of major injuries, diseases and dangerous
occurrences that might be reportable to external agencies
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Collecting data
- Report from types
- Reporting routes
- Person receiving harm
- Person causing loss
- Person discovering the loss
Analysing and communicating data
Internal systems for collecting, analysing and
communicating data
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ILO Code of Practice for Recording and Notification of
Occupational Accidents and Diseases (RNOAD)
Occupational accident
Occupational disease
Commuting accident
- Workers principal or secondary residence
- Place where worker takes their meals
- Remuneration
Dangerous occurrence
Incidents
Organisational requirements for recording and
reporting incidents
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Major injuries
Any fracture other than finger, thumbs or toes
Amputation
Dislocation
Loss of sight
Electrical shock
Loss of consciousness
Acute illness
Any other injury
Typical examples of major injuries, diseases and
dangerous occurrences that might be reportable to
external agencies
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Diseases
Diseases caused by agents
Physical agents
Chemical agents
Biological agents

external agencies
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Diseases
Diseases caused by physical agents:
Noise
Ionising radiation
Work in compressed air
Extremes of temperature
Vibration

external agencies
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Diseases
Diseases caused by chemical agents:
Lead
Asphyxiants
Vanadium
Carbon disulphide

external agencies
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Diseases
Diseases caused by biological agents:
Infections and parasitic diseases
Anthrax
Hepatitis

external agencies
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Diseases
Diseases by target organ systems
Respiratory diseases
Skin diseases
Musculo-skeletal disorders

external agencies
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Diseases
Respiratory diseases:
Occupational asthma
Siderosis
Bronchopulmonary
Pneumoconioses

external agencies
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Diseases
Skin diseases:
Occupational vitiligo
Caused by physical, chemical and biological agents

external agencies
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Diseases
Musculo-skeletal disorders:
Awkward or non-neutral postures
Rapid repetitive motion
Forceful exertion

external agencies
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Diseases
Occupational cancer
Cancer caused by agents:
Asbestos
Mineral oil
Benzene
Wood dust

external agencies
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Dangerous occurrences
Failure of lifting equipment
Fire
Collapse of a building
Failure of a pressurised closed vessel
Explosion

external agencies
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incidents
Contents of element
860409
Element 8

Occupational incident and
accident investigation,
recording and reporting
860409
Unit IGC1
Management of
International health
and safety
860409
NEBOSH
International
General Certificate

Element 8 Occup Incident Accident

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Copyright RMS Publishing

IGC First Edition - IGC1 Element 8 - v.1.0 - Slide 1

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