Bibhuti B.

Bhardwaj
144104041
M.Tech (1
st
Semester)
Presented By-
NHDP FUNDING, FLEXIBLE AND RIGID
PAVEMENT LAYERWISE DETAILS

Phase Details Funding allocated Present expenditure
Phase I Golden Quadrilateral Rs. 42,000 crore Rs. 52,434 crore
Phase II NS-EW corridor
Phase III Upgradation of High traffic density
NHs
Rs. 55,000 crore Rs. 65,197 crore
Phase IV Widening of NH (excluding Phase I, II,
III)
Rs. 25,000 crore Rs. 27,800 crore
Phase V Six laning of selected highways Rs. 17,500 crore Rs. 41,210 crore
Phase VI Development of expressways Rs. 15,000 crore Rs. 16,680 crore
Phase VII Improvement of City road network Rs. 15,000 crore Rs. 16,680 crore

Government of Indias Gross Budgetary Support (GBS) and Additional Budgetary Support
(ABS)
Private financing under PPP frameworks
Ploughing back of toll revenue including toll collection, negative grant, premium and
revenue share deposited by NHAI into Consolidated Fund of India and in turn equivalent
amount released to NHAI for development, maintenance and management of National
Highways entrusted to it.
External Assistance in respect of International Institutions (World Bank; ADB; JBIC)
funded projects allocated through Union Budget.
Accruals under the Central Road Fund (share in the levy of cess on fuel) allocated through
Union Budget.

SEAL COAT
Type A seal Coat: Liquid seal coat comprising of an application of a layer of
bituminous binder followed by a cover of stone chips.
Composition:
The aggregate should be sand or grit and should consist of clean, hard rocks. The
aggregates should pass 2.36 mm sieve and be retained on 180 micron sieve. The
quantity used for spreading should be 0.06 m
3
per 10 m
2
area.
Construction: The binder should be heated in boilers of suitable design. The
aggregates should be dry and heated to 150
0
to 165
0
C in a mixer. The mix is then
transported to the site and spread uniformly on the bituminous surface followed by
rolling with smooth wheeled roller of 8-10 tonne weight.
Functions:
1) To water-proof the surface 2) To provide skid resistance.
Type B seal Coat: Premixed seal coat comprising of a thin application of fine
aggregate premixed with bituminous binder.
Composition:
The quantity of bitumen per 10 m
2
should be 6.8 kg; when bituminous
emulsion is used as a binder quantity required is 10.5 kg.
Construction:
Bitumen should be heated to 150
0
to 163
0
C and sprayed. Immediately after its
application, stone chips should be spread by means of mechanical grit
spreaders. After that, rolling is done with a 8-10 tonne smooth wheeled roller.
SEAL COAT
TACK COAT
Composition:
The binder used for tack coat should be bitumen emulsion complying with IS 8887
of a type and grade as specified in the contract. Cutback bitumen can also be used
per IS 217 for places with sub-zero temperatures.
Construction:
The surface on which tack coat is applied should be swept clean with a mechanical
broom in order to make it free from dust and clean. The rate of application of tack
coat generally varies from 0.20 to 0.40 kg/m
2
. The tack coat should be left to cure
until all the volatiles have evaporated before any subsequent construction is started.
Function: To ensure proper bonding between the new construction and old surface
PRIME COAT
Composition:
The quantity of liquid bituminous material per 10 m
2
varies from 6 to 9 kg for low
porous surface, 9-12 kg for medium and 12-15 kg for surfaces with high porosity.
Construction:
The surface is first prepared by sweeping clean of dust and loose particles without
disturbing the interlocking of aggregates. A primed surface should be allowed to
cure for at least 24 hours.
Function:
To seal the pores by penetrating into it
To coat and bond dust and loose mineral particles
To provide adhesion between the base and superimposed layer
Functions:

It provides characteristics such as friction, smoothness, drainage,
etc. Also it will prevent the entrance of excessive quantities of
surface water into the underlying base, sub-base and sub-grade,

It must be tough to resist the distortion under traffic and provide a
smooth and skid- resistant riding surface,

It must be water proof to protect the entire base and sub-grade from
the weakening effect of water.
WEARING COURSE:
Bitumen: It should be paving bitumen of penetration grade complying with IS:
73 Paving Bitumen. As per requirement the bitumen can be modified
bitumen also.

Coarse aggregate: It consists of crushed rock, crushed gravel or other hard
material retained on 2.36 mm sieve. They should be clean, hard and durable.

Fine Aggregate: They should be clean, hard and durable. They consist of
crushed or naturally occurring material or a combination of the two, passing
through 2.36 mm sieve and retained on 75 micron sieve
Bituminous Concrete
Minimum Stability (kN at 60
0
C) 9.0
Minimum Flow (mm) 2
Maximum flow 4
Compaction Level (no. of blows) 75 blows on each of the two faces of the
specimen
Percent of air voids 3-6
%VMA 10-16
%VFB 65-75
Loss of stability on immersion in water at
60
0
C
Min 75% retained strength
Requirement of the mix
Construction:
The pre-existing surface should be thoroughly swept clean by a mechanical broom, and the
dust removed by compressed air. Except in areas where a mechanical paver cant access,
bituminous material shall be spread, leveled and tamped by an approved self propelled paving
machine.
Function:
To provide additional load distribution
To contribute to the sub-surface drainage
BASE COURSE
Dense graded bituminous macadam
Composition:

Bitumen: It should be paving bitumen of penetration grade complying with IS: 73 Paving
Bitumen. As per requirement the bitumen can be modified bitumen also.
Coarse aggregate: It consists of crushed rock, crushed gravel or other hard material retained
on 2.36 mm sieve. They should be clean, hard and durable.
Fine Aggregate: They should be clean, hard and durable. They consist of crushed or naturally
occurring material, or a combination of the two, passing through 2.36 mm sieve and retained
on 75 micron sieve
Minimum Stability (kN at 60
0
C) 9.0
Minimum Flow (mm) 2
Maximum flow 4
Compaction Level (no. of blows) 75 blows on each of the two faces of the specimen
Percent of air voids 3-6
%VMA 10-16
%VFB 65-75
Loss of stability on immersion in water
at 60
0
C
Min 75% retained strength
Requirement of the mix
Construction:
The pre-existing surface should be thoroughly swept clean by a mechanical broom, and the
dust removed by compressed air. When the material on which the DBM is to be laid is other
than a bitumen bound layer, a prime coat shall be applied. The mixture is prepared in a hot mix
plant and carried to the site and is spread over followed by rolling of smooth wheeled roller.
Functions:
To provide structural support, improve drainage,
To reduce the intrusion of fines from the sub-grade in the pavement structure
If the base course is open graded, then the sub-base course with more fines can serve as filler between
sub-grade and the base course
SUB-BASE COURSE
Composition:
The material to be used for the work shall be natural sand, gravel, crushed stone or their combination
depending on the grading required. The material should be free from organic or other deleterious
constituents
Construction:
The materials selected as per the table are mixed either manually or in mechanically. Moisture content is
suitably adjusted by sprinkling water. After placing the sub-base materials, rolling should start
immediately. Rolling shall be continued till the density the density is at least 98% of the MDD of the
material determined
FUNCTIONS
To receive the stresses from the layers above
To transfer the entire load coming to it to the earth mass
To provide a good support to the earth structure
SUBGRADE
Composition:
The materials used in subgrade shall be soil, moorum, gravel, a mixture of these or any
other material approved by the engineer provided the materials are free of logs, stumps,
roots or any other ingredient likely to deteriorate or affect the stability of the subgrade.
Construction:
Subgrade is generally built sufficiently wider than the design dimension so that the surplus material may
be trimmed, ensuring that the remaining material is to the desired density and in position, The subgrade
material is then compacted to not less than 97% of the MDD. The compaction shall be done with the help
of vibratory roller of 80 to 100 kN static weight.

FUNCTIONS
To provide characteristics such as friction, smoothness, noise control and drainage
To serve as a waterproofing layer to the underlying base, subbase and subgrade
To carry the load stresses
SURFACE COURSE/Concrete Pavement
Composition:
Cement: Preference should be to use at least 43 grade or higher.
Admixtures: Conforming to IS: 6925 and IS: 9103 to improve the workability of concrete.
Aggregates: Natural aggregates with IS: 383 but with a Los Angels Abrasion Value lesser than 35%
Coarse aggregate: The maximum size should not exceed 25 mm for pavement concrete. Aggregates
should have water absorption value lesser than 2%.
Fine aggregate: Clean natural sand or crushed stone sand or combination of the two.
Water: It should be clean and free from injurious amount of oil, salt, acid etc.
The proportions of these are determined as per the design strength of the pavement.
Dowel bars and tie bars are also provided at the transverse and longitudinal joints respectively.
Construction:
The concrete to be used in pavement is prepared in a batching plant and is transported to
the site without delay by means of trucks.
The delay must not exceed 120 minutes when concrete temperature is less than 25
0
C and
90 minutes when the temperature is in between 25
0
C to 30
0
C.
The mixing and placing of concrete should progress at such a rate as to permit proper
finishing, protecting and curing of the pavement.
While the concrete is still plastic, its surface shall be brush textured.
After 3 hours the pavement, shall be covered by moist hessian and the same shall be
covered by moist hessian and the same shall be kept damp for a minimum period of 14
days after which the hessian can be removed.
Functions
To provide additional load distribution,
To contribute to drainage and frost resistance,
To provide uniform support to the pavement
To provide a stable platform for construction equipment
To prevent subgrade soil movement due to slab pumping.
BASE COURSE
Water bound Macadam
Composition:
Coarse Aggregate: It should be either crushed or broken stone, crushed slag etc. Los Angels
Abrasion value should be 30% (maximum) and combined flakiness and elongation indices
are 30% (max).
Screenings: Screenings to fill the voids in the coarse aggregate should consist of the same
material as coarse aggregate.
Construction:

The coarse aggregates should be spread uniformly and evenly upon the prepared
subgrade by using templates placed across the road.

Immediately following the spreading of the coarse aggregates, rolling shall be started
with three wheeled power 80 to 100 kN capacity.

After the coarse aggregate has been rolled, screenings to completely fill the interstices
should be applied gradually over the surface. These should not be damped or wet at the
time of applying.

This is followed by sprinkling of water and grouting and the binding material is applied
and left to set and dry.
Functions:
To provide structural support, improve drainage,
To reduce the intrusion of fines from the sub-grade in the pavement structure
If the base course is open graded, then the sub-base course with more fines can serve as filler between
sub-grade and the base course
SUB-BASE COURSE
Composition:
The material to be used for the work shall be natural sand, gravel, crushed stone or their combination
depending on the grading required. The material should be free from organic or other deleterious
constituents
Construction:
The materials selected as per the table are mixed either manually or in mechanically. Moisture content is
suitably adjusted by sprinkling water. After placing the sub-base materials, rolling should start
immediately. Rolling shall be continued till the density the density is at least 98% of the MDD of the
material determined
FUNCTIONS
To receive the stresses from the layers above
To transfer the entire load coming to it to the earth mass
To provide a good support to the earth structure
SUBGRADE
Composition:
The materials used in subgrade shall be soil, moorum, gravel, a mixture of these or any
other material approved by the engineer provided the materials are free of logs, stumps,
roots or any other ingredient likely to deteriorate or affect the stability of the subgrade.
Construction:
Subgrade is generally built sufficiently wider than the design dimension so that the surplus material may
be trimmed, ensuring that the remaining material is to the desired density and in position, The subgrade
material is then compacted to not less than 97% of the MDD. The compaction shall be done with the help
of vibratory roller of 80 to 100 kN static weight.