SITE PLANNING

IS AN ART OF ARRANGING THE

EXTERNAL PHYSICAL
ENVIRONMENT TO SUPPORT
HUMAN BEHAVIOUR.
IT LIES ALONG THE BOUNDARIES OF
ARCHITECTURE, ENGINEERING,
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND
TOWN PLANNING.

LAND PLANNING PROCESS
SITE SELECTION
SITE INVENTORY
(CULTURAL)
SITE INVENTORY
(BIOLOGICAL)
SITE INVENTORY
(PHYSICAL)

SITE ANALYSIS
CONCEPT
DEVELOPMENT
MASTER
PLANNING
CONSTRUCTION
DOCUMENTATION
PROJECT
IMPLEMENTATION
PROGRAMMING
LAND PLANNING PROCESS
1. SITE SELECTION
2. SITE INVENTORY
3. SITE ANALYSIS
4. CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
5. DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SITE SELECTION
THE SITE CONTEXT

THE SITE
THE SITE CONTEXT
1. MARKET AREA AND COMPETITION
2. LAND USE REGULATIONS
3. ACCESSIBILITY
4. UTILITY SERVICES
5. VISIBILITY
6. ADJOINING LAND OWNERSHIP
AND LAND USES
THE SITE CONTEXT
1. MARKET AREA AND COMPETITION

RENTAL AND SALES PRICES WITHIN AN
AREA ARE INFLUENCED BY THE
QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF
COMPETING COMMERCIAL AND
RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE.


2. LAND USE REGULATIONS

ZONING ORDINANCE AND LAND
USE CONTROL
3. ACCESSIBILITY

INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENT
COSTS AND MARKETABILITY OF
REAL ESTATES.




4. UTILITY SERVICES INFLUENCE THE
DEVELOPMENT COSTS

5. VISIBILITY - TO AND FROM THE SITE -
MARKETABILITY OF REAL ESTATES.

6. ADJOINING LAND OWNERSHIP AND
LAND USES - MARKETABILITY OF REAL
ESTATES.


THE SITE
1. SIZE AND SHAPES
2. EASEMENTS AND DEED RESTRICTIONS
3. LAND COSTS
4. TOPOGRAPHY
5. VEGETATION
6. CURRENT AND PRIOR LAND USES
7. NUISANCE
THE SITE
1. SIZE AND SHAPES

LARGE SITES VS. SMALL SITE -
HAVE A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON
THE POTENTIAL USES OF A SITE,
FLEXIBILITY IN THE SPATIAL
ARRANGEMENTS OF USES ON THE
SITE


2. EASEMENTS AND DEED
RESTRICTIONS

LIMITS HOW A PARCEL OF LAND
CAN BE USED.
3. LAND COSTS

DEPENDS ON THE MARKET VALUE
AND HAVE SIGNFICANT IMPACT
ON THE MARKETABILITY OF REAL
ESTATES
4. TOPOGRAPHY

DETERMINE THE POTENTIAL LAND
TO BE DEVELOPED AND
INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENT
COSTS
5. VEGETATION - INFLUENCE THE
DEVELOPMENT COSTS

6. CURRENT AND PRIOR LAND USE
ZONING COMPLIANCE, DENSITIES,
LAND CONVERSION

7. NUISANCE

INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENT
COSTS AND MARKETABILITY OF
REAL ESTATES.



SITE INVENTORY



INVENTORY MAPS DESCRIBE
VARIOUS BIOPHYSICAL AND
CULTURAL ATTRIBUTES OF THE SITE
AND ITS SURROUNDINGS.

THE INVENTORY MAPS PROVIDE
DATA NEEDED FOR THE SITE
ANALYSIS.
CATEGORIES OF SITE
INVENTORY
PHYSICAL
BIOLOGICAL
CULTURAL
PHYSICAL
HYDROLOGY
GEOLOGY/SOILS
TOPOGRAPHY
CLIMATE
PHYSICAL FACTORS
CATEGORY ATTRIBUTE LANDUSE SIGNIFICANCE
1. Hydrology Depth to water table


Drainage patterns
Excavations for building foundations
On site sewage treatment systems

Flooding hazards
Storm water management
2.Geology/
Soils
Depth to bedrock
Bearing capacity
Fault line
Excavations for building foundations
On site sewage treatment systems

Earthquake hazards
Landslide hazards
PHYSICAL FACTORS
CATEGORY ATTRIBUTE LAND USE SIGNIFICANCE
3. Topography Slope gradient






Slope aspect

Elevation
Circulation system safety
Building design & construction
complexity
Erosion potential
Storm drainage & storm water
management

Microclimate

Visibility & Visual quality
Drainage patterns

PHYSICAL FACTORS
CATEGORY ATTRIBUTE LAND USE
SIGNIFICANCE
4. Climate Wind direction



Solar access
Placement of outdoor
seating
Planting design

Building design &
placement
Placement of outdoor
seating

BIOLOGICAL
VEGETATION
WILDLIFE
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
SUB
CATEGORY
ATTRIBUTE LAND USE SIGNIFICANCE
1. Vegetation









2. Wildlife
Plant communities





Specimen trees



Endangered &
threatened species
Storm water filtering and infiltration
Wildlife habitat
Microclimate
Fire hazards


Visual amenity
Microclimate moderation
Wildlife habitat

Development restrictions
CULTURAL

LEGAL
HISTORIC
INFRASTRUCTURE
BUILDING
CONTEXT
CULTURAL FACTORS
CATEGORY ATTRIBUTE LAND USE SIGNIFICANCE
1. Legal Political boundaries
Land use incentives
Land use regulations
Easements & deed
restrictions
Permitting & review process
Land costs, development costs
Permitted uses and densities
Locations of permitted uses
2. Historic
Significant buildings

Amenities, development restrictions
CULTURAL FACTORS
SUB
CATEGORY
ATTRIBUTE LAND USE
SIGNIFICANCE
3. Infrastructure
Streets
Utilities
Site access
Construction costs
4. Building Massing (height, width) &
articulation (fenestration)
Visual quality, sense of place
5. Context Landuse Visual quality
Potential nuisance (noise,
odors)
SITE ANALYSIS
IDENTIFY THE SITES
OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS
FOR A SPECIFIC LAND USE
PROGRAM
THE AMOUNT OF LAND ON THE SITE
THAT IS SUITABLE FOR
DEVELOPMENT IS DETERMINED
DURING THE SITE ANALYSIS PHASE.
TECHNIQUES OF ANALYSIS
1. SUITABILITY ANALYSIS

2. SEIVE MAPPING

3. POTENTIAL SURFACE ANALYSIS
SUITABILITY ANALYSIS
DEVELOPMENT SUITABILITY IS A
FUNCTION OF A SITES
OPPORTUNITIES AND
CONSTRAINTS.
OPPORTUNITIES ARE FAVORABLE,
SUITABLE OR ADVANTAGEOUS
LOCATIONS ON THE SITE.

CONSTRAINTS ARE LOCATIONS
THAT ARE UNSUITABLE OR
RESTRICTED FOR A PARTICULAR OF
USE.
THE SUITABILITY CRITERIA ARE
THE SITE CONDITIONS THAT ARE
MOST DESIRABLE OR
UNDESIRABLE FOR EACH LAND
USE TYPE.
CONSTRAINTS MAY REDUCE SITE
DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL OR
INCREASE DEVELOPMENT COSTS.
DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS
CONTRAINTS EXAMPLES
Ecological infrastructure
Acquifer recharge areas, wetlands, surface water,
critical wildlife habitat
Health or safety hazards Natural hazards fault line, floodplain, landslide
Physiographic barriers Steep slopes, highly erodible sols, shallow bedrock
Natural resources Prime farmland, sand & gravel deposits
Historic resources Historic buildings & structures, archaeological sites
Legal restrictions Wetland regulations, zoning codes, easements, deed
restrictions
Visual amenities Specimen trees, scenic views
Nuisance Undesirables views, noises or odors.
CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
BEGINS WITH THE SPATIAL
ALLOCATION, OR ORGANIZATION
OF THE PROPOSED LAND USES ON
THE SITE.
CONCEPT DIAGRAMS, FUNCTIONAL
DIAGRAMS OR BUBBLE DIAGRAMS
GIVE INFORMATION ABOUT THE
SPATIAL ORGANISATION OF THE
PROPOSED LAND USES ON THE SITE.
CONCEPTUAL LAND USE PLAN
Proposed & Existing Elements
CATEGORY SPECIFIC ELEMENTS
Open space Active recreation areas, passive recreation areas, nature
conservation areas
Vehicle circulation Street hierarchy, site entrance, parking lots.
Pedestrian
circulation
Site & building entrances, plazas, pedestrian crosswalks
Other circulation Bikeways, light railways
Buildings Residential, commercial, industrial, public
Utilities Electric transmission lines, water distribution lines,
sanitary collection lines
Views Prominent views from the site, prominent views to the
site
CONCEPT EVALUATION
THE COSTS OR IMPACTS OF A
PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT CAN BE
ESTIMATED FROM THE
CONCEPTUAL LAND USE PLAN.
THE STRENGTH AND WEAKNESSES
OF ALTERNATIVE CONCEPT PLANS
CAN BE EVALUATED AND
COMPARED QUANTITATIVELY.
COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVE
CONCEPT PLANS IS USEFUL IN
DEVELOPING A FINAL PLAN -
COMBINES THE BEST FEATURES OF
EACH CONCEPT ALTERNATIVES

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND
IMPLEMENTATION
KNOWN AS SCHEMATIC DESIGN OR
MASTER PLANNING


IS A PROCESS OF DETERMINING HOW
THE CONCEPTUAL PLAN WILL BE
ARTICULATED


IMPLEMENTING THE PLAN
INVOLVES DOCUMENTING PLANS
AND SECTIONS, ELEVATIONS,
DETAILS TOGETHER WITH WRITTEN
SPECIFICATIONS, CONSTRUCTIONS
DOCUMENTS
THE PLANS CAN BE IMPLEMENTED
ONCE THE DOCUMENTATON IS
COMPLETED, NECESSARY
FINANCING AND APPROVALS HAVE
BEEN ACQUIRED.