Introduction

What is Supercritical power plant?

Definition critical condition
Necessity
Comparison of sub critical and
super critical plants
Types of boilers
Drum type boilers
Once through boiler
Advantages of once through
Conclusion


Coal-based power generation is
still a fundamental part of energy
supply throughout the world.
Reliability, security of supply, low
fuel costs, and competitive cost
of electricity make a good case
for coal-fired steam power
plants.
Applying proven state-of-the-art
technology while striving for
cost-optimal efficiencies are key
customer requirements in any
new power plant project.
The efficiency of the power plant
as one key value affects both the
fuel costs and the amount of CO2
emitted to the environment.
. As coal is more abundant in
many parts of the world, coal
prices are less volatile and more
stable than natural gas prices.
But largerCO2 emissions increase
the need for more efficient coal-
based power generation.
Supercritical steam power plants
meet notably the requirements
for high efficiencies to reduce
both fuel costs and emissions as
well as for a reliable supply of
electric energy at low cost.
Recent developments in steam
turbine technology and high-
temperature materials allowed
for significant efficiency gains.
Introduction of the advanced
technology has led to the current
expansion of supercritical power
plants worldwide.
Therefore, In order to cope with
the growing demand of
Power with in India, a
fundamental understanding of
these power plants and
implications are necessary. The
aim of this report is to provide an
analysis of plant and operational
features of a Supercritical Power
Plant along with impact of coal
quality on operational issues

The power plant which operates
above the critical condition is a
SUPER CRITICAL POWER PLANT.
In supercritical cycle, equipment
is designed to operate above the
critical pressure of water.
Supercritical boilers are once-
through where in the feed water
enters the economiser and flows
through one path and main
steam exits the circuit.
Critical condition is
thermodynamic expression
describing the state of a
substance beyond which there is
no clear distinction between the
liquid and gaseous phase.
Efficiency of the Rankine Cycle
increases with increasing Turbine
inlet Temperature and pressure.

Cycle efficiency of typical sub-
critical plant is 38% whereas
todays supercritical technology
increases this to around 45-47%
.
Descriptio
n
Sub
Critical
Super
Critical
Full load
pressure
<190 atm >240 atm
Flow in
Water wall
2-phase 1-phase
Cycle
efficiency
Base + 2 3 %
Approx
Fuel saving Base + 8 10 %
Approx
Boiler
weight
Base + 10 %
Stages of
reheat
1 2 Preferred
Drum type
Once-through type
Natural Circulation Boiler
Circulation through water
walls by thermal-siphon effect.

Controlled Circulation Boiler
At higher operating pressure
(just below critical pressure
levels), thermo-siphon effect
supplemented by pumps to
ensure safety of furnace wall
tubes.


System generation essentially
takes place in
furnace water walls.
Fixed evaporation end point-the
drum.
Steam-water separation takes
place in the drum.
Separated water mixed with
incoming feed water and
feedback to water wall lower
drum by mean of boiler water
circulating pumps (BWCPs).
Once through forced flow
through all sections of boiler
(economizer, water walls & super
heater).
Feed pump provides the driving
head.
Suitable for sub critical & super
critical pressure.
Major difference from Drum type
boiler:

Evaporator system
Low load circulation system
Separator

Low load circulation system:

The excess flow over the
once-thru flow separated in
separator.

Recirculated back to the boiler
directly by the dedicated
circulating pump.



Separator :
Separates steam and water
during the circulating mode
operation.

Runs dry in once through flow
mode.

Smaller in size compared to
drum in a drum type boiler.
Advantages :-
Better suited for sliding
pressure operation.
Steam temperature can be
maintained over wider
load range under sliding pressure.
Conservation of fuel resources.
Shorter start up time.
Improvement in Efficiency.
Super critical power plant are the
efficient plants to produce
greater out put although it has
some drawbacks but it is
avoidable.
It is a future model of power
plant.
www.wikipedia.org

<http://google/image/supercriti
calpower plant

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