Power Electronics- EEE341

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Relationship of Power Electronics
Power Electronics Application
Power Electronics defined as the application of solid-state
(devices) electronics for the control and conversion of electric
power.
Power electronics have already found an important place in
modern technology and are now used in a great variety of
high-power product, including heat controls, light controls,
electric motor control, power supplies, vehicle propulsion
system and high voltage direct current (HVDC) systems.

1.Uncontrolled turn on and off (Power Diode)
2.Controlled turn on uncontrolled turn off (Thyristors)
3.Controlled turn on and off characteristic (Power Transistor, BJT,
MOSFET, GTO, IGBT)
4.Continuous gate signal requirement (BJT, MOSFET, IGBT)
5.Pulse gate requirement (SCR(Silicon-Controlled Rectifier) , GTO)
6.Bidirectional current capability (TRIAC)
7.Undirectionalcurrent capability (SCR, GTO, BJT, MOSFET, IGBT)



POWER ELECTRONIC SWITCHING DEVICES

Diagram Block of Converters
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Diode Rectifiers. A diode rectifier circuit converts AC voltage into a
fixed DC voltage. The input voltage to rectifier could be either single
phase or three phase.

AC to DC Converters. An AC to DC converter circuit can convert AC
voltage into a DC voltage. The DC output voltage can be controlled by
varying the firing angle of the thyristors. The AC input voltage could
be a single phase or three phase.

AC to AC Converters. This converters can convert from a fixed ac input
voltage into variable AC output voltage. The output voltage is
controlled by varying firing angle of TRIAC. These type converters are
known as AC voltage regulators.


TYPES OF POWER ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS
DC to DC Converters . These converters can converter a fixed DC
input voltage into variable DC voltage or vice versa. The DC output
voltage is controlled by varying of duty cycle.

DC-AC converters. It is also known as an INVERTER. The output
voltage is of alternating form and output can be controlled by
varying conduction time of transistors.

Static switches. The power devices which is operated with with
static switches or contactors and the supply to the switches can be
either ac or dc. A number of conversion stages are often cascaded
to produce desired output.
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Diode Rectifiers
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AC-DC Converter
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AC-AC Converter
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DC-AC Converter
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IGBT in DC-DC Converter
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DC-DC CONVERTER (DC Chopper)

In many industrial application , DC-DC converter is required to convert a
fixed-voltage DC source into a variable-voltage DC source. Like a
transformer, DC-DC converter can be used to step down or step up a DC
voltage source.


Application :
Traction motor control in electric automobiles, trolley cars, marine hoists,
forklift trucks, mine haulers, etc

Advantages :
High Efficiency and fast dynamic response

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UPS System
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Examples of Some
Applications
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History of Power Electronics
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Types of Power Devices
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General Purposes Diodes
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Thyristors
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GTOs
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Power Ratings of Devices
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Ratings of Power Devices
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Devices Symbols and Characteristics
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Devices Symbols and Characteristics
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Applications of Power Devices
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Control Characteristics of Devices
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Control Characteristics of Devices
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Switching Characteristics
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Ideal Characteristics
Ideal
Characteristics
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Voltage and Current Waveforms
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Power Converter System
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Smart Power System
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Fin-type Heat Sink
SCR (hokey-puck-type) on power pak kits
SCR (stud-type) on air-cooled kits
Assembly of power converters
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Power Diodes
Stud type
Hockey-puck type



IGBT
Module type: Full
bridge and three
phase




IGCT
Integrated with its
driver
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Summary
The characteristics of the power devices play a major role in the speed and
effectiveness of the power conversion.
Power electronics uses low power electronics (ICs), control, and switching power
devices for power converter and/or processing from one form to another.
SPECIFICATION OF THE SWITCH
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Voltage ratings: Forward and reverse repetitive peak voltage and on state
forward voltage drop.
Current ratings: Average, root mean square , repetitive peak, non repetitive
peak and off state leakage currents
Switching speed or frequency: switching period or frequency

di/dt rating
Minimum amount of time before its whole conducting surface comes into play in
carrying the full current.
If the current rises rapidly the current flow may be concentrated to a certain area
and the device may be damaged.
This can be limited by connecting a small inductor in series with the device called
series snubber.
dv/dt rating :
Semiconductor device has internal junction capacitance Cj
When the voltage across the switch changes rapidly during turn on and
turn off and while connecting to the main supply the initial current will be
very high. This damages the device.
This can be limited by connecting RC circuit across the device called shunt
snubber
Switching losses: Power losses during turn on and turn off.
Gate drive requirement:
Safe operating area(SOA)
I
2
t rating for fuse
Temperature
Thermal resistance

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