A1

REVIEW
PRESENT SIMPLE
Infinitive without to EXCEPT for the third person
(-S)

To live
(vivir)
To think
(pensar/creer)
To have
(tener)
I live
You live
He/She/It lives
We live
You live
They live
I think
You think
He/She/It thinks
We think
You think
They think
I have
You have
He/She/It has
We have
You have
They have
PRESENT SIMPLE
Exception 1: verb to be (ser/estar)


To be
I am
You are
He/She/It is
We are
You are
They are
PRESENT SIMPLE
Exception 2: when an infinitive ends with s,-ss,-sh,
-o, -ch, -x es (third person)
Exception 3: when an infinitive ends with consonant
+ y ies (third person)


To do
(hacer)
To try
(intentar)
I do
You do
He/She/It does
We do
You do
They do
I try
You try
He/She/It tries
We try
You try
They try
PRESENT SIMPLE
(NEGATION)
We need to use the auxiliar do and not. We can use
the contracted form.

SUBJECT + DO + NOT + VERB (+ OBJECT)

Examples: I do not live in England (I dont live).
I do not think (I dont think)

Verb to be we dont need the verb do.
(I am not; you are not; he is not; we are not,)
(Im not; youre not; hes not; were not,)
PRESENT SIMPLE (QUESTIONS)
We also need the verb do, except for to be.

AUXILIARY VERB+ SUBJECT + VERB (+OBJECT)

Examples: Do you live in England?
What do you think?

Verb to be we dont need do

TO BE (AUXILIARY VERB) + SUBJECT + .

Examples: Are you English?
Where are you from?
PRESENT SIMPLE
(NEGATIVE QUESTIONS)
Same rules we use with normal questions, but we also use
NOT

AUXILIARY VERB + SUBJECT + NOT + VERB (+OBJECT)

*We use the contracted form

Example: Do you not live in England? Dont you live in England?

Verb to be:
TO BE (AUXILIARY VERB) + SUBJECT + NOT +

*We use the contracted form

Example: Are you not English? Arent you English?
PRESENT SIMPLE (USES)
General activities (routine)
Example: I play paddle every day
Something that is always true, general ideas
Example: I speak English; I study English
Description of a place, situation (in present tense)
Example: There is a table; the sun shines
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
(GERUNDIO)
We need to use the verb to be in the present
simple tense and the main verb with the ing ending.

SUBJECT + VERB (TO BE + V-ING) + OBJECT
Example: I am reading a book.

* Verbs that end with e loose the e at the end
Example: Come Shes coming.


PRESENT CONTINUOUS
(NEGATIVE FORM)
We need to add the negative form not after the
auxiliar to be and before the main verb

SUBJECT + NEGATIVE VERB
(TO BE + NOT+ V-ING) + OBJECT

Example: I am not reading a book.
(Im not reading a book).
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
(QUESTIONS)
Auxiliary verb and subject inversion

AUXILIARY V. TO BE + SUBJECT + V-ING +
OBJECT

Example: Are you reading a book?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
(NEGATIVE QUESTIONS)
We add the negative form not after the auxiliar to
be and before the verb

AUXILIARY V. TO BE + SUBJECT + NOT + V-ING
(+ OBJECT)
*We use the contracted form

Example: Are you not reading a book? Arent you
reading a book?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS (USES)
Describes an action that is taking place at the same
moment were talking (gerundio in Spanish)

Example: I am smoking (right now)
vs
I smoke (in general)

* Difference between Present Simple and Present Continuous
PRESENT CONTINUOUS (USES)
Indicates an action that happens frequently (can be
negative)

Example: Shes always smoking.

Planned action (future)

Example: Im going to Barcelona tomorrow.