Raju Sharma

Assistant Professor
Chandigarh University
Seat connection
Two types of seat connection are used
Un-stiffened seat connection
Stiffened seat connection

UNSTIFFENED SEAT CONNECTION
Angle is provided below the beam flange and is designed to transfer the
end reactions of beam to the column through connections.
The seat angle also provides a surface on which the beam flange may rest
during erection, eliminating erection bolts.
Generally the outstanding (seating) leg is taken as 100 mm
which is sufficient to check the web crippling of the beam
Minimum two rivets required for the connection of seat angle
to beam flange
10-15 mm clearance should be made between the beam and
column. Seat is assumed to be flexible
Angle is provided at the upper flange of the beam and this is
called cleat or clip angle. provide later support
to the compression flange of the beam at this point only and
is assumed to carry no load.
Clit Angle
Conventional design assumed
Does not restrain the rotation at the beam end in the
vertical plane and the end reaction is the only force to be
considered
When the beam tends to rotate ,the cleat angle bends away
from the column as well as the beam Flexible beam seats
are the simplest and most desirable because the thickness
of the seat angle provides the only resistance against
bending in the outstanding leg.
Stiffened Seat Connections
The outstanding leg is stiffened by angles thus the seat
does not remain flexible.


Why stiffened Seat Connections are required ?


The outstanding leg of seat angle must be stiffened when the
reaction to be transferred to the column is too large
When the seating leg of 100 mm cannot provide the required
bearing area
Due to large reaction the number of rivets required to join the
connecting leg with the column may be large
The rivets can be accommodated on an additional angle called
a stiffener angle. packing equal to the thickness of the seat
angle are used between the column flange and the stiffener
angle.
The rivets connecting the column flange to the
outstanding legs are not tack riveted two stiffener angles,
bending moment (R act independentally .in this case the
rivets connecting the stiffener angle with the column
flange are designed for shear, bending moment (Rexx) and
twisting moment (Reyy), where exx, eyy are the eccentricities of
the reaction parallel to the outstanding legs and connected legs
respectively
Design of Unstiffened seat Connection
A seat angle is chosen suitably on the following
consideration:
The seat angle is assumed to have a length B, equal to the
width of the beam flange.
On the basis of web crippling of the beam length of the
outstanding leg of the seat angle may be calculated. The
seat length is kept more than the calculated bearing length.
b = (R/p x t) - 3h2
Above equation can give negative value of b for a large
beam with a small reaction. Therefore minimum bearing
length is
b < .5 (R/p x t)
R = end reaction in N
p = permissible bearing stress in Mpa (.75 fy)
t = thickness of the web of the beam in mm
h2 = depth of the root of fillet from extreme fibre of
flange for the beam in mm.
The connected leg is so chosen that at least three horizontal
rows of rivets can be accommodated. It can be assumed to
be 150 mm or more as desirable.
The thickness of seat angle is chosen such that the
outstanding leg does not fail in bending on a section at the
toe of the fillet.
Let


e1 = the distance from the critical section to the reaction
acting at the center of the bearing length (Fig 1)
= 10 + b/2 -t- radius of root of fillet
M= moment at the critical section (Re1)
B = length of seat angle (equal to the width of beam
flange)
bc = bending stress in compression assumed to be
equal to the bending stress in slab base i.e 185 N/mm

T= 6Re1/(B bc )
The angle thickness is assumed and the M.O.R is
computed, which should be more than the moment at
the critical section.
Two or more horizontal rows of rivets are provided to
connect the seat angle with the column flange
These are subjected to direct shear forces. rivets dia is
assumed and number of rivets required to connect the seat
angle with the flange of column are determined. The
outstanding leg of the seat angle is connected to the beam
flange with two rivets of the same dia as provided on the
connected leg
N = (end reaction/rivet value) n is number of rivets
A cleat angle of normal size is provided on the top flange of
beam and is connected by two rivets.
Design of stiffened seat connections
Size of seat angle is assumed on the basis of the bearing length
calculated
b = (R/p x t) - 3h2
Suitable stiffener angles are selected. Outstanding leg of the
stiffener angle must provided the bearing area stiffening leg.
the outstanding leg of the stiffener angle must provided the
bearing area. Also, it should not exceed 16 times its thickness
to avoid local buckling.

Bearing area required= (R/ p )
R= end reaction
p= permissible bearing in Mpa (.75 fy)
Thickness of the stiffner angle should not be less than
the thickness of the web of the beam supported.
seat is rigid so the reaction is assumed to have a greater
eccentricity.

Rivets in connecting leg are subjected to
Direct Shear
Moment
Connection behaves as a bracket connection TYPE II.
Bending moment about the face of the column flange is
determined.
The number of rivets are computed and check similar to
the bracket connection TYPE II is done.


(vf, cal/ vf ) + ( tf,cal/ tf) 1.4
A cleat angle of nominal size is provided and is connected
with rivets of same dia as on the seat angle.Two rivets are
provided on each leg of the cleat angle.
Framed connection
1. The end reaction which the beam has to transfer is
computed.
2. CONNECTION OF FRAMING ANGLE WITH BEAM
WEB
Assumed dia
Find rivet value in double shear and bearing
The number of rivets n, can be computed by
N= (end reaction/rivet value)
3. Connection of outstanding leg of the angle with the
web of the girder.
Assume dia
Rivet value is computed in single shear and bearing.
Number of rivets required n to connect the
outstanding leg with the flange of the beam
n = (end reaction/ rivet value)
4. The size of the framing angle is governed by the
number and row of rivets on connecting and outstanding
leg.
5. The thickness of the angle can be computed as follows
Limited shear stress,.4 fy =(end reaction/ 2x h x t)
Or t= end reaction/ 2h x .4 fy