By:

AADI VAIDYA
SHOBHIT SINGH
SHITAL SHIRSAT
PRAJAKT SURVE
Only when the last tree has died, the last river poisoned and the last fish caught,
will we realize that we cannot eat money
WHAT IS GLOBAL WARMING?
Refers to the long term increase in temperature which is global
in nature.
Disturbs balance between hot and cold
areas in the atmosphere.
Caused by the increase in GHG(CO2,CH4,N2O),they act as
a blanket resulting a rise in temperature

CONTRIBUTION OF GHGS TOWARDS
CLIMATE CHANGE
CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL
WARMING
Climate should not be confused with weather.
Climate change refers to variation in global and
regional climates over time
Changes the climate system as a whole shifting the
average pattern.
Climate change and global warming are co related

CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND
GLOBAL WARMING
. Human activities ..main cause
Burning of fossil fuels - emit excess GHGs
making a thicker blanket of ghgs increasing heat
Forest destruction
Increase in co2
Industrial pollution
Incorrect waste management
Depletion of land and soil
IMPACTS
Coastal ecosystem:
Includes mangrooves, coral reefs, sea grass, marine life
Vulnerable to the effects of frequency changes in rainfall and
level rise
May be damaged by warmer sea temperature
disasters
Can cause high tides, storms, floods, seismic sea
waves(tsunami)
46 mn people on an average are affected
economic impacts
Damages economic sectors



many coastal communities are affected
increase in global warming is leading to the increase in various
infections
disruption of sanitation, drainage, sewage disposal, system
psychological and other illnesses
transmission of diseases and breeding of insects
Many industries set up at the coastal regions can be harmed
in turn affecting the Indian economy
THE INDIAN SITUATION
Mean temperature increase of 3 to 5 degree C by end of century
more pronounced in north
20% rise in Indian monsoon
More extreme extremes especially over west coast of India and
west central India
Reduced crop production due to increased temperature and higher
CO2 content
An increase in cyclones in Bay of Bengal
Flooding of low lying areas producing climate refugees
INDIAN COASTLINE

Total length from Sunder bans in West Bengal till the Rann of
Kutch in gujarat-5700km.
Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar group of islands
constitute-1810 km
few major coastal ports
Mumbai, Chennai, Vishakhapatnam, Kolkata, Kochi and Goa
Western coastline has a continental shelf having an area of
0.13mn sq. km.
CRZ

Coastal regulation zone is the boundary from the high tide line
up to 500m in the land -ward side.

Four categories:

CRZ I : Ecologically important areas like national parks
CRZ II: Already exploited to some extent like drainage etc.
CRZ III: Undisturbed areas not included under I & II.
CRZ IV : Coastal areas in Andamans, Lakshadweep and other small
islands.
THE GREATEST THREAT- SEA LEVEL RISE
Inundation of coastal colonies
India is one of the 28 countries endagered from sea level rise
Total area of 5763 sqkm and 4.6% of the coastal population
would be affected
Most vulnerable areas-gujarat,mumbai,south
kerala,lakshadweep islands

DISPLACEMENT OF COMMUNITIES
Facts:
Reports say-sea level rise between 15 to 38 cm can affect tens of
thousands of people at the coasts
A meter rise today would displace 7 million people
Sudhir Chellarajan(IIT professor)has determined that by the end of
the century 12 million people would be displaced in west Bengal
The problem of coastal refugees would start irking the governments
soon : their rehabilitation, compensation and effect on economy..
BYE BYE BEACHES.
Threatning to chew up beaches of Vishakhapatnam. In the past
month it has gouged 75 metre of the section through erosion

Puris beaches are slowly disintegrating

Climatic factors and man made development is causing heavy
toll on the beaches of Goa. Water has started to enter close to
solid ground.would affect tourism and local coastal
communities


GLOBAL WARMING CAUSING CHANGE
IN MONSOONS
Changes in the monsoon pattern in India are expected to result
in severe floods, droughts
Scientists predict a 3-5 degree rise in temperature causing a
20% increase in summer rainfall.
A vast population depends upon rainfall for their livelihood
Changes in water cycle can cause diseases such as malaria,
cholera, hepatitis,etc.
SEA WATER INTRUSION
The vulnerability area increases with every 0.5 m rise in
sea level.
Maximum near the creeks and minimum along main coast.
Irrigated agriculture, coastal activities , tourism at risk
Saline water may make land unfit for agriculture
Two islands already vanished from Sunder bans displacing
7000 people. Two more islands at risk.

Increased Sea Level, Increased Floods
MUMBAI
Frequent floods and sea water intrusion has affected structural
stability of high rise buildings
About 40% of the population in Mumbai vulnerable to sea
water intrusion due increased water level
Low lying areas of Byculla to Parel and Dadar which had mill
areas given to industries
Huge construction have destroyed their capability of acting as
water sinks during heavy rains
Again dislocation of people
VOICE OF FISHERFOLK:
EARLIER WE USED TO OFFER COCONUTS TO THE GODS OF THE
SEA AND THEY USED TO LET US FISH PEACEFULLY. THOSE DAYS
ARE GONE..
THIS IS THE VOICE OF THE FISHERFOLK
HAVE NO FAITH ON THE GOVERNMENT AND OTHER AGENCIES
MANY TIMES THEY HAVE ISSUED WARNINGS,BUT NOTHING EVER
HAPPENS.BUT THEY DONT REALISE THAT OUR LIVELIHOOD
IS AT STAKE
WE DO NOT DEMAND TO SHUT DOWN INDUSTRIESBUT TO
GIVE US ATLEAST OUR SHARE
COASTAL REFUGEES
Special type of climate refugees basically inhabitants of the
coasts
Displaced due to rise in sea level and inundation of their
villages
Or due to sea water intrusion making land saline and
unavailable for agriculture
7000 people already coastal refugees in Sunder bans and
70,000 looming under large threat
No proper care hence can lead to dissent among people
C
L
I
M
A
T
E

R
E
F
U
G
E
E
S
Story-The end of world in Versova

Over a hundred shanties were swept away last year July, tides rose
to 5.05 m.
13 lakh people in a state of risk
Fresh water supply has drastically reduced
Improper drainage system
the IPCC (intergovernmental panel on climate change)has declared
Versova as danger zone
GOVERNMENT ACTIONS
A metre increase in sea level can affect 13 lakh people
Government has sanctioned Mr. Rajendra.K.Pachauri along with his
committee to do a probe study on the coastal regions of Maharastra
(worth 98 lakhs)
They have collaborated with MOHC(met office Headley centre)
Different agencies may differ but what is of main concern is the
impacts

OPTING FOR SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
Sustainable development means developing in such a way that
our resources are utilised in the best possible way and can be
replenished for future generations
Now has become a global concept
Many countries have recognised it and are adopting it
It is necessary for all
This would directly affect the lives of the people
INDIA WITH SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT:
In India current plans are to tally contradictory to sustainable
development
Growth in power, transport, energy would alone contribute
40% of GHG emissions
The planning commission and the government have to bind
sustainable development and economic growth plans in such a
way that they dont conflict each other
WHAT IS TO BE DONE?
Despite of have to make a choice and our future will depend on that
We cannot solely rely on government agencies, scientists and
economists to act
While coastal communities have a low carbon footprint than us, we
can too reduce ours by adopting various methods of alternative
sources of energy
We should change our thinking of using exotic products, which have
created a mindset of a higher standard of living
We should realise that saving resources would in turn be the best
possible way to live

CAN INDIA SHOW THE WAY ?
Developed countries worst polluters
India and China still developing and can build in an environmental
friendly way
Public Transport, low carbon emissions etc. should be aimed
Actively supported the cause of environment in Copenhagen Summit
Basic professions like agriculture and mining can easily reduce
carbon emissions
A GENDER AND LIVELIHOOD BASED
APPROACH
Gender refers to social roles and relations between men and
women
Use participatory approaches to involve all members of the
community in planning
Enhance local capacity to adapt
Introduce tools in a locally sensitive way
Draw on local knowledge
Understand local gender roles
CHANGE BEGINS WITH ME
Can not solely depend on government agencies, research and
scientists
Underlying point remains the same : Reduce your carbon footprint.
Use more non conventional sources of energy - sun, wind etc.
Coastal Management should be based on the region decentralized
Decision making should be flexible
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Websites:
www.infochangeindia.org
www.wikipedia.com/globalwarming

Books and magazine:
The Coast isnt Clear Voices from Mumbais Margins
Mumbai Mirror 28
th
April, 2009

Resource Person:
Mr. John Centre for Education and Documentation, Colaba
Ms. Jacintha - Centre for Education and Documentation, Colaba

It seems to me that we all look at nature too much, and live with her too little
- Oscar Wilde