HISTORY OF

EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Where Are We Going &
Where Have We Been
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Educational
Technology
Objectives:

To identify events and devices of the

past that contributed to the
technological revolution.

To examine the organizations and

their viepoints that have shaped
technology use in the classroom
today.

To prepare for the future in

educational technology by analyzing
current trends and advances.
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Educational
Technology
!Technology is commonly
thought of in terms of
gadgets" instruments"
machines and devices # most
$educators% ill defer to
technology as computers.&
(Muffoletto, 1994)
TEA
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Educational
Technology
The history of !'ducational
technology # can be traced bac(
to the time hen tribal priests
systemized bodies of (noledge"
and early cultures invented
pictographs or sign riting to
record and transmit information.&
(Paul Saettler, 1990)
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Educational
Technology
)n ancient Greece" the 'lder
*ophist used the term !techne& to
refer the process of applying
(noledge systematically to the
practical art of instruction. They
formulated cognitive rules"
systematically analyzed sub+ect
matter designed instructional
technologies and devised effective
instructional materials.
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Educational
Technology
,uring the -iddle Age Advent
of *cholastic .hilosophy" .ierre
Abelard introduced a technology
of instruction hich as really a
ne method of structuring and
presenting materials that helped
set the style of scholastic
education.
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Educational
Technology
Comenius, Pestalozzi, Froebel,
Herbart an Montessori !ontribute t"eir
o#n !on!e$t on eu!ational te!"nolo%&
im$ro'in% eu!ati'e $ro!ess(
)o"n Amos Comenius #as
re!o%nize as t"e $ioneer of moern
instru!tional te!"nolo%& b& reason of
"is boo* +rbis Pi!tus (T"e ,orl in
Pi!ture) #"i!" #as illustrate
te-tboo*s for !"ilren stu&in% .atin /
S!ien!es(
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Educational
Technology
E#ar T"orni*e an )o"n 0e#e&
formulate s!ientifi! t"eor& of learnin%
an t"e s!ientifi! met"o, res$e!ti'el&(
T"orni*e %a'e em$"asis to t"e use of
em$iri!al in'esti%ation as a basis for an
or%anize $ro!ess of learnin%( +n "is
$art, 0e#e& introu!e a met"o of
instru!tion in terms s!ientifi! met"o in
broa terms
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
T"e 19
t"
!entur& $a'e in t"e
a'ent of effe!ti'e te!"nolo%i!al
e'elo$ment in!luin% t"e $rou!tion
of te-tboo*s, use of bla!*boars an
im$ro'ements in #ritin% im$lements
li*e $en an in*( P"oto%ra$"& #as
in'ente, %i'in% a #a& to a mo'ement
!alle 1/isual )nstruction2(
Educational
Technology
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
By 0123" visual media became
idely accepted. Then came the
publication of audio4visual media
texts.
)n 0125" educational films ere
used as instructional media.
)n 0126" .ressey rote on
programmed learning through a
machine hich tested and
confirmed a learning tas(.
Educational
Technology
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
By 0123" visual media became
idely accepted. Then came the
publication of audio4visual media
texts.
)n 0125" educational films ere
used as instructional media.
)n 0126" .ressey rote on
programmed learning through a
machine hich tested and
confirmed a learning tas(.
Educational
Technology
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
)n 0172" the first instructional
television program as aired at the
*tate 8niversity of )oa. About the
same time" the 05 mm sound
motion picture as developed and
this served as the educational
or(horse during the audio4visual
movement of the time.
Educational
Technology
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
0urin% ,orl ,ar 33, t"e 4(S(
%o'ernment en!oura%e t"e
im$lementation of te!"nolo%& of
instru!tion for militar& trainin%
$ro%rams( T"is %a'e im$etus to a
s&stem a$$roa!" to instru!tion to
in!lue5 mi!ro6tea!"in%, ini'iualize
instru!tion, .an%ua%e laboratories,
be"a'ioral laboratories, be"a'ioral
ob7e!ti'es, !om$uter assiste
instru!tion an amon% ot"ers
Educational
Technology
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Histoy o!
"Co#$utes%

Abacus444Approximately 7333 B9

9alculators4440533s

.unched 9ard ,evices4440:33s

;irst 'lectronic 9omputers44401<3s

-ainframes44401=3s

-inicomputers4440153s

-icrocomputers4440163s

-icrocomputer *ystems44401:3s

)nternet4440113s
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Ancient Co#$uting
Histoy
The Abacus
-echanical aid used for
counting and ma(ing
>uic( calculations.
*till in
use
around
the
orld.
Fin out more about t"e Aba!us in 8esour!es(
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Ealy Co#$uting
Histoy
3n'ente t"e first
me!"ani!al !al!ulator(
T"e .ascaline use
!o%s an %ears to sol'e
mat" e9uations(
Blaise .ascal
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
&echanical
Calculatos
?oseph ?ac>uard

;irst !programmable&
machine.

8sed punched cards

$binary instructions% to
automate eaving loom.

.unched cards ere a

staple of early and
modern computer
programming.
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Electonic Co#$ute
Syste#s

4se vacuum tubes in

ele!troni! !ir!uits(

4se $un!" !ars to in$ut

an e-ternall& store ata(

4$ to 4: of memor&(

Pro%rammin% in ma!"ine
lan%ua%e an assembl&
lan%ua%e(

8e9uire a !om$iler(
;irst Generation@01<74
01=5
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Fist Geneation'
()*+,()-.
,orl;s first ele!troni!
i%ital !om$uter(
4se to $rou!e
,,33 ballisti! firin%
tables for t"e 4(S(
0efense 0e$artment(
'lectronic Aumerical )ntegrator
and 9alculator $'A)A9%
C"e!* out t"e E<3AC e-"ibit(
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
01=5 )B- 7=3 BA-A9
Second Geneation'
()-/,().*
=isit t"e Com$utin% Histor& Timeline in 8esour!es(

4se transistors,
e'elo$e b& >ell .abs(

4$ to ?@: of memor&(

Pro%rammin% in
!om$uter lan%ua%es,
su!" as F+8T8A< an
C+>+.(
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Thid Geneation'
().-,()/(

4se inte%rate
!ir!uits(

4$ to ? million b&tes
of memor&(

.o#er !ost, smaller

size, an in!reasin%
$ro!essor s$ee(
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y

19A1, 3ntel e'elo$s 4004, t"e first

microprocessor chip.

Altair sol in 19AB, t"e first $ersonal

!om$uter( 3t is a *it t"at must be
assemble(

A$$le Com$uter is forme in 19AC

an sells B0 A$$le 3(

A'an!es in!rease memor& size,

stora%e s$a!e, an $ro!essin%
s$ees(
Fouth Geneation'
()/0,No1
-icrocomputer Bevolution Begins.
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y

Personal !om$uters or PCs(

4suall& !ost about D@,000 or less(

Pro!ess o'er 1 billion o$erations $er

se!on(

1Stan6alone2 or !onne!te
to ot"er !om$uters as a
net#or* s&stem(
Fouth Geneation'
()/0,No1
-icrocomputers
TEA
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Tim Berners4Cee

0e'elo$e HTM. an t"e World Wide Web

$WWW% #as born(
())23s
Connecting the 4old
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
-arc Andreessen

An ori%inal e'elo$er of -osaic, t"e

first bro#ser soft#are able to rea
HTM.(

Co6founer of <ets!a$e
Communi!ations(
())23s
Connecting the 4old
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y

Technologies of the ;uture

Advanced robotics
commonplace

*mart houses

Wearable computers

Holodec( virtual reality

Truly individualized education

C"e!* out 0a'e Moursun;s 'ie# of eu!ation in
t"e &ear @01B, one of t"e 8esour!es(
The 0(st Centuy
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
The 0(st Centuy

Dnly recently focused on

computers.

)nternet current primary trend.

Communi!ation #it" !ollea%ues(

.esson $lan $re$aration(

Stuent resour!es(

A!!ess resear!" an best $ra!ti!es for

tea!"in%(
0B5?4(0
TEA
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Educational
Technology
Sour!e information5 <CES @000 Summer 3ssue
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Educational
Technology
Our Definition:
!A combination of the processes
and tools involved in addressing
educational needs and problems"
ith an emphasis on applying the
most current tools@ computers
and their related technologies.&
(M( 0( 8obl&er, @000)
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Educational
Technology
Has technology changed ho and
hat e teachE
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Educational
Technology
To trends of todayFs society@

E-$losi'e in!rease in number an t&$e

of te!"nolo%& resour!es a'ailable(

0ramati! e!rease in total !ost of

o#ners"i$ (TC+)(
TEA
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Educational
Technology

CP45 3ntel 4(AA MHz E0EE

Memor&5 C4:

Stora%e5 Sin%le6sie, 1C0: B2 flo$$& is* ri'e

0is$la&5 1@ in!" mono!"rome

Pri!e5 D@EE0(00
)B- unveils first .9 in 01:0.
8ea about
3>M T"rou%" t"e Fears
in 8esour!es(
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Educational
Technology
9hange in educational philosophy
of hat constitutes basic s(ills

<o lon%er 7ust t"ree 8;s

1.earnin% to learn2 s*ills essential

.ifelon% learnin%
TEA
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Fou Di5eent
6ie1s

Association for 'ducational

9ommunications & Technology
$A'9T%

)nternational *ociety for

.erformance )mprovement $)*.)%

)nternational Technology 'ducation

Association $)T'A%

)nternational *ociety for Technology

in 'ducation $)*T'%
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Fou Di5eent
6ie1s

Auio'isual Meia Communi!ations(

>e%un in 19@?(

3nitiall& !entere on raio(

Gui!*l& e-tene fo!us to in!lue instru!tional

film stri$s an eu!ational tele'ision(

Toa&, it in!lues %lobal satellite broa!astin%,

t#o6#a& auio, an 'isual !ommuni!ations(
A'9T
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Fou Di5eent
6ie1s

1Branch of educational theory and

practice concerned primarily ith
the design and use of messages
hich control the learning process.&
(Saettler, 1990, $( 9)

.ublications@

Te!"Trens

Hanboo* of 8esear!" for Eu!ational

Communi!ations an Te!"nolo%&
6isit the AECT 1e7 site !o# Resouces8
A'9T
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Fou Di5eent
6ie1s
)*.)

)nstructional systems approach

based on Behaviorist theories

!*ystematic approach to
designing" developing" and
delivering instruction matched
to carefully identified needs.&
(Heini!", Molena, 8ussell, / Smalino,
199A)
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Fou Di5eent
6ie1s

.ublications@

Performan!e 3m$ro'ement )ournal

Performan!e 3m$ro'ement Guarterl&

E9$loe IS:I esouces at the IS:I 1e7 site8
)*.)
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Fou Di5eent
6ie1s
)T'A

)ndustry trainers and vocational

teachers.

*chools should prepare

students for or( force Cearning
about technology as used in the
!real orld& is essential.
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Fou Di5eent
6ie1s
)T'A

)ncludes robotics"
manufacturing systems"
computer4assisted design
$9A,%.

.ublications@

T"e Te!"nolo%& Tea!"er

Te!"nolo%& an C"ilren

T"e )ournal of Te!"nolo%& Eu!ation

Fin out more at t"e 3TEA #eb site(
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Fou Di5eent
6ie1s
)*T'

.rimary focus encompassed both

instructional and support
applications of computers.

Begun by trainers and educators ho

predicted that computers ould
revolutionize education.

)nfluenced by technical personnel"

such as programmers and systems
analysts.
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Fou Di5eent
6ie1s
)*T'

Aational 'ducational Technology

*tandards for *tudents and
Teachers $A'T*%

.ublications@

.earnin% an .eain% #it" Te!"nolo%&

(formerl& T"e Com$utin% Tea!"er)

)ournal of 8esear!" on Com$utin% in

Eu!ation
3STE;s #ebsite is one of t"e 8esour!es(
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
&oden Educational
Technology Histoy

First instru!tional use of !om$uters

#as as a fli%"t simulator use to
train $ilots at M3T in 19B0(
-ainframe 9omputer *ystems
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y

First use in $ubli! s!"ools tau%"t

<e# For* elementar& stuents
binar& arit"meti! in 19B9(
-ainframe 9omputer *ystems
&oden Educational
Technology Histoy
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y

;ederal funds supported many

large4scale pro+ects in
mainframe computer4assisted
instruction $9A)% in schools"
colleges" and universities
through the middle of 0163Fs.
-ainframe 9omputer *ystems
&oden Educational
Technology Histoy
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y

*tanford 8niversity G first multimedia

learning station" 9ourse riter

.rogrammed Cogic for Automatic

Teaching Dperations $.CATD%

BH8 G Time4shared )nteractive

9omputer49ontrolled )nformation
Television $T)99)T%
-ainframe 9omputer *ystems
&oden Educational
Technology Histoy
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
0esi%ne to su$$ort $ersonalize
master& learnin%

3ni'iuall& Pres!ribe 3nstru!tion

(3P3) 6 4ni'ersit& of Pittsbur%"

Pro%ram for .earnin% in A!!oran!e

#it" <ees (P.A<) 6 Ameri!an
3nstitutes of 8esear!"
-ainframe 9omputer *ystems
&oden Educational
Technology Histoy
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Aational 'ducation 9omputing
9onference $A'99%

9reated by mainframe programming

enthusiasts from universities
nationide.

;irst conference held in0161.

Today is the largest educational

technology conference in 8.*. ith
attendance of 03"333I people.
&oden Educational
Technology Histoy
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y

3ntrou!e in late 19A0;s(

Ao$te b& $ubli! s!"ool s&stems

urin% 19E0;s(

A$$le 33

Commoore PET

8aio S"a!* T8S 6 E0

-icrocomputers in 'ducation
&oden Educational
Technology Histoy
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y

Earl& !ourse#are e'elo$e for

mainframes #ere $ro'ie b&5

.ar%e "ar#are manufa!turers

Soft#are s&stems !om$anies

4ni'ersit& e'elo$ment $ro7e!ts

<e# mi!ro!om$uter soft#are

mar*et ri'en $rimaril& b&
eu!ators(
*oftare
&oden Educational
Technology Histoy
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y

Minnesota Eu!ational Com$utin%

Consortium (MECC)

3nitiall& lar%est $ro'ier of eu!ational

soft#are(

Fune b& <ational S!ien!e Founation(

Mi!roSift, EP3E

Pro'ie !ourse#are e'aluations(

*oftare
&oden Educational
Technology Histoy
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
1B50B(0

Aut"orin% s&stems

8es$onse to eu!ators 9uest for

in$ut into esi%n of eu!ational
soft#are(

Allo#e eu!ators to e'elo$ t"eir

o#n !ourse#are(
*oftare
TEA
&oden Educational
Technology Histoy
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y

Aut"orin% s&stems

8e9uire e-tensi'e e-$ertise(

E-tene time !ommitment(

E-$ane #or* in'estment(

*oftare
TEA
&oden Educational
Technology Histoy
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
9omputer Citeracy

+ri%inall& efine as $ro%rammin%

s*ills an tools su!" as #or
$ro!essin%(

Toa&;s #orl !an onl& a%ree t"at

t"e term refers to s*ills t"at are
!onstantl& !"an%in%(
1B54B(0
&oden Educational
Technology Histoy
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
*eymour .apert

Eu!ational t"eorist mentore b&

)ean Pia%et(

0e'elo$e $ro%rammin% lan%ua%e

for &oun% !"ilren base on
!onstru!ti'ist t"eor& of eu!ation(

8aise national !ons!iousness

about $otential of te!"nolo%& to
!"an%e t"e eu!ational s&stem(
1C5@B(0
&oden Educational
Technology Histoy
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
The )nternet and the WWW
>i%%est !"allen%e for t"e $ubli!
eu!ational s&stem "as been "o#
to $re$are s!"ools $"&si!all& an
train tea!"ers effe!ti'el& for its use
in t"e !lassroom(
1C5B0(0
TEA
&oden Educational
Technology Histoy
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
4hat 4e3;e
Leaned

Com$uter litera!& or *no#le%e of

!om$uter a$$li!ations is a mo'in%
tar%et(

Tea!"in% stuents te!"ni!al s*ills

for toa& is 'aluable(

More im$ortant are 1learnin% to

learn2 tools for tomorro# an &ears
to !ome(
1A5@0(0
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
4hat 4e3;e
Leaned

Com$uter6base materials are 7ust

one !om$onent of resour!es
a'ailable to eu!ational s&stem(

3nte%ration of te!"nolo%& as a tool

to a'an!e learnin% in t"e !ontent
areas as to t"e effe!ti'eness of
ot"er resour!es an tea!"er
!reate a!ti'ities(
1E500(0
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
4hat 4e3;e
Leaned
0e'elo$ment of te!"nolo%&
materials an inte%ration strate%ies
is time intensi'e an s"oul not be
a !lassroom tea!"er;s $rimar&
res$onsibilit& H Fou;'e %ot enou%"
to oI
1E5@0(0
TEA
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
4hat 4e3;e
Leaned

Eu!ators must *ee$ $a!e #it"

te!"nolo%i!al a'an!es(

>ut often times te!"nolo%&

!"an%es faster t"an t"e
eu!ational en'ironment(

>usiness an 3nustr& must o it;s

$art in $ro'iin% e!onomi!al
te!"nolo%& solutions(
1E540(0
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
4hat 4e3;e
Leaned

Tea!"ers #ill al#a&s be ne!essar&I

0efinition of learnin% en'ironments

are !"an%in%(

3entit& of !lassrooms must

!"an%e(
1950?(0
TEA
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y

+ur moels of effe!ti'e instru!tion

must !"an%e tooI

Eu!ators must be more t"an5

Sa%e on t"e Sta%e

Juie on t"e Sie

4hat 4e3;e
Leaned
19540(0
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
4hat 4e3;e
Leaned
/et in the Aet
Toa&;s tea!"er must be #illin% to be5

A $arti!i$atin% learner in t"e !lassroom(

+ne #"o #ill ta*e t"e same ris*s an

not al#a&s "a'e t"e ri%"t ans#er(

A 'eteran learner in a net#or* of

learners !alle t"e !lassroom(
@0510(0
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Enich#ent
Acti;ity 0
'4mail your anser to
lspuJeductech0Kyahoo.com

9reate a graphic organizer shoing

the historical development of
educational technology.

,iscuss educational programs on

television@ ho effective are these in
enriching the educational process in
.hilippine schoolsE What are their
flas ad limitations.
@0510(0
History of
Education
al
Technolog
y
Re!eence
!',89AT)DAAC T'9HADCDGH&
by ,r. .az ). Cucido & ,r.
-ilagros C. Borabo
@0510(0
4e7 Lin<
http@LL.tcet.unt.eduLeblibr
ary2LovervieLEidM77&.H.*'**),M
0f<0<32<36f2520f1:26=31fa6a:d5e
: