Introduction to Engineering and

Technology Concepts
Unit Seven
Chapter One
Machine Tools
Instructions for Success:
Each chapter of every unit will begin with a Mindjog.
This is a warm up question that you should answer in
your workbook in the proper chapter.
Please take notes as you move through the
presentations in the notebook that has been provided.
Sections will come up in each presentation with an
assignment notice. Turn to the section detailed on the
slide in your workbook and complete the assignment
before proceeding.
Good luck!


Objective
Students will define types of machine tools, especially
those found in the technology education laboratory.
Mindjog!
On your worksheet, please respond to the following question:
What kind of tools do you use to
accomplish everyday tasks? Think about
this question by recalling the simple
machines we have previously discussed.


Processing
Before we get started, realize that tools and
machines are used in three major types of
processing:
Material Processing
Energy Processing
Information Processing

For the purposes of this Unit, we will be looking
at tools and machines used in material
processing (Wright, 2004).

Machine Tools
All specialists would be lost without their tools
of trade. Imagine a dentist without a dental drill
or bricklayer without a tape measure!
It is the same in engineering and technology.
Without the proper tools, tasks cannot be
accomplished correctly.
Within this unit, we are going to discuss some
common machine tools that are used in the
field and the safety precautions behind them
(Wright, 2004).
Machining
It has already been stated that machines are
artifacts that amplify the speed, amount, or
direction of a force. They transmit or change
the application of power, force, or motion.
Specifically, machine tools are machines that
are used to make other machines.
Machining is a separating process based on
the motion of a tool against a work piece (Wright, 2004).

Characteristics
Machine tools have some common
characteristics:
A method of cutting materials to desired shape
and size.
A series of motions between the material and
the tool, causing the tool to cut the material.
Support of the tool and the work piece (Wright, 2004).
Cutting Tool
Most cutting actions require a cutting tool.
Two basic types of cutting tools are used in all hand
tools and machines. They are single-point and
multiple-point.
The single-point tool is the simplest cutting device
available. It has a cutting edge on the end or along the
edge of a rod. Common single-point tools include
knives, chisels, and wood planes.
The multiple-point tool has a series of single-point tools
arranged on a cutting device. Most often, these single-
points are arranged in a pattern. For example, a
circular saw has teeth evenly spaced around the
circumference of the blade (Wright, 2004).

Motion
Cutting motion is the action that causes material to be
removed from the work. It causes the excess material
to be cut away.
Feed motion is the action that brings new material into
the cutter. It allows the cutting action to be continuous.
Cutting and feed motions can be:
Rotating uses round cutters or spins the work around
an axis
Linear moves a cutter or work in one direction along a
straight line
Reciprocating moves the tool or the work back and
forth (Wright, 2004).

Support
The final element present in all machine tools is
support for the tool and the work piece.
Chucks are attachments used to hold and
rotate drills and router bits.
Arbors are spindles or shafts that are used to
hold table saw blades and milling putters (Wright, 2004).
Types of Machine Tools
Hundreds of different machine tools exist,
however they can be grouped into six
categories:
Turning Machines
Sawing Machines
Drilling Machines
Shaping Machines
Planing Machines
Grinding Machines (Wright, 2004).

Turning Machines
Turning machines use a process in which a
work piece is held or rotated on an axis.
This action is produced on machines called
lathes.
All lathes produce their cutting motion by
rotating the work piece.
Linear movement of the tool generates the feed
motion, and is primarily used to machine wood
and metal (Wright, 2004).

Sawing Machines
Sawing Machines use teeth on a blade to cut material
to a desired size and shape.
Sawing Machines can be grouped according to the type
of blade they use and the methods used to produce the
cutting action. This grouping identifies three basic
types of saws:
Circular Saws- use a blade in the shape of a disk with
teeth arranged around the edge.
Band Saws use a blade made of a continuous strip
(or band) of metal with teeth on one or more edges.
Scroll Saws use a straight blade that is a strip of metal
with teeth on one edge (Wright, 2004).

Drilling Machines
Drilling machines produce or enlarge holes using a
rotating cutter.
Generally, the cutting motion is produced as the drill or
bit rotates (Wright, 2004).
Other Machines
Shaping and planing machines are two metal working
machine tools that produce flat surfaces. They should
not be confused with the wood working shaping and
planing machines which operate on the same principles
as sawing machines.
Both the metal shaper and the metal planer use single
point tools and reciprocating motion to produce the cut.
Grinding machines use bonded abrasives (grinding
wheels) to cut the material.
These wheels have random cutting surfaces that
remove the material in the form of very small chips (Wright,
2004).
Assignment #1
Please turn to the section in your
workbook entitled, Unit Seven, Chapter
One Machine Tools.
Complete the extension questions under
the Assignment #1 header before
moving onto the next section of slides.

BEFORE MOVING ON:
Did you complete the Assignment #1
Section under the Unit Seven, Chapter
One Machine Tools section of your
workbook?
If you have, please proceed to the next
slide.
Chapter One Completed!
Please close this presentation and launch
the file entitled, Chapter 2 Machine
Tool Safety.
References
Wright, R. (2004) Technology The
Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc.