HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM AND

MODERN RENEWABLE ENERGY

RESOURCES
INTRODUCTION OF GROUP MEMBERS

Fakhar Anwaar Roll # 04
Hassan Mahmood Roll # 09
Taha Mustahsan Roll # 14
Abdul Hannan Roll # 19
Awais Hassan Roll # 21
HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM

A hybrid energy system usually consists of two or
more renewable energy sources used together to
provide increased system efficiency as well as
greater balance in energy supply.

Examples
Biomass-wind-fuel cell
Photovoltaic-wind
PV/wind hybrid energy system

PV/WIND HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM



PV/WIND HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) are also the example
of Hybrid energy system.

They used the internal combustion engine
propulsion and electric propulsion together.

Modern HEVs make use of efficiency-improving
technologies such as regenerative braking.
HYBRID ELECTRIC CARS
The Toyota Prius is the world's top selling hybrid car,
with cumulative global sales of 2.0 million units by
September 2010.
IDEAL HYBRID SYSTEM(IHS)

Completely Renewable or IHS includes
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Hydropower
DRAWBACKS
A solar/wind/biomass power generating system works, all
these generating systems have some or the other drawbacks

Solar panels are too much costly and the production cost of
power by using them is generally higher than the conventional
process,

It also not available in the night/in cloudy days,

Wind turbines cant operate in high or low wind speeds

Biomass plant collapses in low temperature.
RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES

Biomass Energy
Wind Energy
Solar Energy
Hydropower
Geothermal
Tidal Energy
BIOMASS
Biomass is the organic matter in trees, agricultural crops and
other living plant material. It is made up of carbohydrates
organic compounds that are formed in growing plant life.

Biomass energy is derived from five distinct energy sources:
Garbage
Wood
Waste
Landfill gases
Alcohol fuels


HOW IT WORKS
For a biomass power station making electricity, it's
pretty much like a fossil fuel power station



For other biofuels, we may burn it to get the heat for
our home, or burn it to get energy for a car engine,
or for some other purpose.
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
It makes sense to use waste
materials where we can.

The fuel tends to be cheap.

Less demand on the fossil
fuels
DISADVANTAGES
Collecting or growing the
fuel in sufficient quantities
can be difficult.

We burn the biofuel, so it
makes greenhouse gases
just like fossil fuels do.

Some waste materials are
not available all year round.

WIND ENERGY

We've used the wind as an energy source for a long
time.
Wind is the approximate horizontal movement of air
caused by differential heating of the earths
surface.
Wind turbines are often placed near the top of hills
and ridges and well away from buildings specially
near seashores and offshores



HOW IT WORKS
The Sun heats our atmosphere
unevenly, so some patches
become warmer than others.

These warm patches of air rise,
other air blows in to replace them -
and we feel a wind blowing.

We can use the energy in the wind
by building a tall tower, with a large
propeller on the top.

The wind blows the propeller round,
which turns a generator to produce
electricity.

WIND TURBINES
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
Advantages
Wind is free, wind farms need
no fuel.
Produces no waste or
greenhouse gases.
The land beneath can usually
still be used for farming.
Wind farms can be tourist
attractions.
A good method of supplying
energy to remote areas.

Disadvantages
The wind is not always
predictable - some days have
no wind.
Suitable areas for wind farms
are often near the coast,
where land is expensive.
Some people feel that
covering the landscape with
these towers is unsightly.
Can kill birds - migrating flocks
tend to like strong winds.
Can affect television reception
if you live nearby.
Can be noisy.


SOLAR ENERGY

The energy gained from the sunlight is called solar
energy.
There are two systems in solar energy systems
Solar PV system
Solar thermal system
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC



SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEM


CYLINDRICAL PARABOLIC TROUGH
COLLECTOR
PARABOLIC DISH CONCENTRATORS
POWER (SOLAR) TOWER
HYDROPOWER

Hydropower, hydraulic power or is power that is
derived from the force or energy of moving water.

This power is used to drive hydropower turbines.
HYDROPOWER GENERATOR
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated
and stored in the Earth.

Used to produce power
The hot water in the underground reservoir is
converted into steam which is then used to drive
the turbines.
BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
GEOTHERMAL POWER PRODUCTION
TIDAL ENERGY
Tidal power, also called tidal energy, is a form
of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into
useful forms of power - mainly electricity.

The turbines are installed in the sea and with a
controlled system it is coupled with the generator
that produce electricity.
OSCILLATING WATER COLUMN (OWC)

Shown in the image , is a terminator. OWCs have
two openings -- one on the bottom that allows
water to enter the column and one narrow passage
above to let air in and out. As waves come and fill
the column with water, this pressurizes the air inside,
which forces the air through the opening above.
The air encounters and drives a turbine. Then, as
waves pull away, water rushes out, which sucks
more air back down through the top, driving the
turbine again.

OVERTOPPING DEVICE

Another terminator, an overtopping device,
includes a wall that collects the water from rising
waves in a reservoir. The water can escape through
an opening, but while passing through, drives a
turbine. The most famous kind of terminator.

After waves topple over a wall
into a reservoir, the water drains
out of an outlet, where it drives
a turbine.
ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES
Advantages
These resources are
easily available in
nature.
Free of cost

Infinite sources
Disadvantages
High cost
High maintenance
required
Needs a large surface
area
Some parameters are
beyond control of
human beings

RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES IN FUTURE


From the year 2007 up till now there is gradual
increase in the renewable energy resources.

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