VI KRANT TI WARI

M.Sc ENVI RONMENTAL SCI ENCE

D.D.U GORAKHPUR UNI VERSI TY
POLLUTION


INTRODUCTION OF GANGA
QUALITIES OF GANGA RIVER
PRESANT STATE OF GANGA RIVER
MAIN SOURCE OF GANGA POLLOUTION
AFFECT OF GANGA POLLOUTION
MITIGATION MEASURES
The GANGA is the most sacred river to Hindus and is
also a lifeline to millions of INDIAN who live along its
bank and depend on it for their daily need .
Ganga is a trans- boundary river of INDIA &
Bangladesh.
The GANGA is longest river in INDIA.

They are 2,525 km river rise in western HIMALAYAS in
INDIA and flow south and east through the Gangatic
plain of north India into Bay of Bengal.

The Ganga basin is the most heavily populated river
basin in the world, with over 400 million people and a
population density of about 1000 inhabitant per square
mile.
According to Hindu mythology a ganga river have a
great medicinal qualities.
A ganga river present a ideal biodiversity area . It have
over then 140 fish species, 90 amphibian species and
five area hitch support bird found nowhere else in the
world.
Ganga river producing topes fertile soil in the world.
According to studies report by environmental engineers
of IIT Roorkee , the ganga decomposed the organic
waste 15 to 25 times faster then other river.
A Ganga river have a legendry medicinal qualities as
compare to other HIMALAYA rivers'.
According to NBRI (National Botanical Research
Institute) ganga water have a anti bacterial quality .
It found in research the E. COLI live only 3 days in
Ganga water due to its bacteriophase quality's.



At the time the holy Ganga river become polluted.

There are over 29 cites , 70 towns and thousands of villages along the
GANGA bank.


The Ganga was ranked among the five most polluted river's of the world in
2007.


It is found in research's the FAECAL COLIFORM levels in the river near
Varanasi more than 100 times then official Indian government limit.


PRESENT STATE OF GANGA RIVER
Industrial drains .
City drains.
Religion touristic activity.
Construction activities along the coast of
this river.
Agriculture auto flow.
Domestic activities like those of washer men
.
Cremation related ritual.
miscellaneous : like vehicular washing,
dumping of solid west etc.
According to data out of
146 industries are along the
river ganga between
Rishikesh and Prayagraj . In
this 146 , 144 is present in
U.P. and 2 in Uttrakhand .
A major pollution industries
on the ganga are the
leather industries near
Kanpur .
Other industry like Tanning
industry , pharmaceutical
companies , electronic
plant , textile and paper
industries, fertilizers
discharge ,different types of
chemical and organic
effluent into river.


MUNICIPAL SEWAGE CONSIST 75% BY VOLUME
OF TOTAL WASTE INTO GANGA.
All of the their sewage over 1.5 billion liter per day
goes directly into river .
A Channel showing confluence of Tannery
effluents with River Ganga at Kanpur.
B
30%
C
6%
A
64%
A= Sewage (64%)
B=Industrial Effluents (30%)
C=Miscellaneous (6%)

Effect of the pollution in river direct observed in fish.
In the GANGA river fish become extinct .
DUE TO POLLUTION IN GANGA THE GANGA DOLPHIN
HAS POPULATION OF ONLY 2000 AND IS NOW AN
ENDANGEARD SPECIES .
The effect of the pollution increase the organic matter
in river water.
Presence of toxic chemical in water .
Impair light penetration due to oil spill.
The effect of water pollution strongly impact the
balance of nature , which ultimately impacts all human.
Harms the food chain : Break the link of food chain .
Spread of disease: Cause cholera ,Typhoid infection
diarrhea etc.
Affect body organ: The consuminated of highly
contaminated water can cause injury to the HEART &
KIDNEY .
I THINK FOLLOWING STEP SHOULD ADOPTED FOR
CLEANING GANGA
Intercepting untreated municipal sewage and
industrial waste water following into river and
diverting to sewage treatment plant .
Setting up sewage treatment plant (STP) in the city
lying along the river .
Construction of bathing Ghats /toilets to eliminate
peon defecation in river bank .
Solid waste management system to prevent dumping
of solid wastes in the river .
Avoid plastics when possible .
Get active and get involved in there a company to
clean the GANGA river.





Described the use of plant in mitigation of
environmental problem.
A range of processes mediated by plant or
algae are useful in treating environment
problem .

APPLICABILITY
Plant can used to clean up organic contaminants
from surface water , ground water and municipal
and industrial waste water .
Plant also produce enzymes such as dehalogens
and oxygenizes which help to catalyze
degradation.


PICTURE : HOW RIPERIAN CORRDORA FLORA ACT AS BARRIER
AND CHECK THE IMMEDIATE DISCHARGE OF SOLID RAW
MATERIAL IN RIVER.
GAP GANGA ACTION PLAN
The GAP- Phase -1 , The first attempt of GO 1 for pollution abatement work in
the river GANGA
Indicated in1979 was launched in 1985. With object treating 882 million liters
per day of sewage and improve the water quality to bathing class
standard .
GAP 1 has been completed in 2000 .
The GAP II is presently under implementation.


NATIONAL GANGA RIVER BASIN AUTHOITY (NGRBA)

On November 4 , 2008 GOV. of INDIA declared GANGA as NATIONAL RIVER
and also setup a NGRBA to protect this ancient river from pollution.
A number of organizations , NGOs
and state bodies are crying day
out and day in to keep Ganga
clean , full of biodiversity &
pollution free.
ADOPT GANGA like programs are
also helpful to clean THE GANGA .