Bandar Seri Begawan.

Smallest country in Southeast Asia

Official language is Malay.
Islam
Became a constitutional monarchy
Derives its wealth from an abundance of oil and gas resources.
It showcases the captivating world of science and engineering as it applies to the
petroleum industry.

joined ASEAN on 7 January 1984, becoming
the sixth member.
Chaired in 2013, and hosted the ASEAN
Summit


Very prosperous in the presence of oil and gas resources.
Brunei contributes to regional security.
Bruneian troops help observe the ceasefire between the
Philippine government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front


*http://www.asean.fta.govt.nz/brunei-darussalam-economic-situation
Ensure that it can

Effectively enhance its participation in global
supply networks
Diversify its economy away from its reliance
on oil and gas
Find other areas which it can participate in
the global supply chain



must help manage tensions regarding the
strategic South China Sea
will need to press its neighbors to get cracking
on implementing the agreed-upon economic
road map.

(This Commentary originally appeared in the February 21, 2013, issue of Southeast Asia from the Corner of 18th & K Streets.)


Brunei Darussalam is working hard to achieve ASEAN
Economic Community by 2015; however challenges to
realize the benefits fully remain, both on a regulatory
level as well as in implementation.
Follows an open market system (Market
Economy) at present.

Agriculture main source of income

Service heavily concentrated on trading and
catering related activities.
Two largest industries:
Garment Industry
Tourism Industry
Garment Industry:
- 400,000 workers employed
- 70% of Cambodias total exports(est.)

Mining Industry has touted opportunities
for mining bauxite, gold, iron and gems.

Tourism Industry
- second largest industry of Cambodia
- reaching over 3 million visitors in 2012


Cambodia remains one of the poorest
countries in Asia.
- 4 million people live on less than$1.25 per day
- 37% of children below 5 yrs. suffer from chronic
malnutrition.
- 50% of the population is less than 25 years old.
- relies primarily on donors.
- more than 50% of the government budget comes from
donor assistance.
Unskilled workers have little to gain in ASEAN
integration.
Cambodian goods lagging as ASEAN integration looms.
Cambodian students fear losing jobs to ASEAN
neighbors.

Not enough qualified human resources.

Does not have standard products for trading.

Lack and poor infrastructure construction.

Labor force exploitation
Likely to become a targeted shelter for criminals or
mafia
Lethal diseases can be widely spread via people and
animals
The Minister of Commerce in Cambodia plans to:
Improve infrastructure, institution, and peoples connectivity,
Have more vocational training for people
Continue to attract more foreign direct investment to the
country.
Invest more on education and health.
Institute land reform

Cambodia is preparing well for the establishment of
the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) by end 2015,
but needs to step up reforms to improve the
transparency and reliability of its regulatory systems to
encourage more investment.
I. Introduction
II. Lao PDRs preparation for AEC
III. Advantages and Disadvantages of
AEC for Lao PDR
Government: single-party socialist republic.
Capital city: Vientiane
Official language: Lao
Currency: Kip (LAK).

landlocked, remote and a mountainous
country, widely covered by unspoiled tropical
forests


one of the worlds few remaining communing
states


a least developed country and is the poorest
in the region and least developed among the
10 ASEAN members


Land area: 230,800 sq km
SOURCE: http://www.om.org/en/country-profile/laos-pdr
Press release l January 18, 2013
Survey by International Labour Organization (ILO)

Population: 5,818,447
(2,913,989 are female)

15 years old and over: 3,886,000
*3,373,000 are in the labor force
Registered as unemployed:
58,600
Unemployment rate
Urban areas: 3.2%
Rural areas without road access: 0.7%
OVERALL: 1.9% (Male: 1.8% ; Female 2.0%)

SOURCE:
http://www.ilo.org/asia/info/public/pr/
WCMS_202297/lang--en/index.htm
Child labor
178,000 children around 96,000 girls and 81,000
boys
(130,000 of these children work 49 hours/week and
engage in hazardous work)


Export
$2.313 billion (2013 data)
$1.984 billion (2012 data)
Commodities: wood products, coffee,
electricity, tin, copper, gold, cassava

Import
$3.238 billion (2013 data)
$2.744 billion (2012 data)
Commodities: machinery and equipment,
vehicles, fuel, consumer goods



Source: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/geos/la.html
Laos will prepare for the
construction of the high-speed
rail project.



Laos Ministry of Industry and
Commerce will speed up the
improvement of policy aspects of
exporting.

SOURCE:
http://www.worklivelaos.com/laos-
prepares-for-regional-connectivity/
A. Advantages:

AEC comes with the railways development
projects.

The implementation of the ASEAN Economic
Community in 2015 is expected to have a
significant impact on businesses.
SOURCE:
http://www.vientianetimes.org.la/FreeC
ontent/freeCont_Lao-Thai%20train.htm
B. Disadvantages

o Negative impact on domestic goods prices.


o The AEC will bring tough competition within
the region.
SOURCE:http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/8
29815.shtml

Land Area : 676, 000 sq. km.

Population : more than 57 million ( in 2011).

Has the largest ethnic group.

Rich in natural resources: forests, minerals and
fish.

An abundance of human resources- literate labors.

Classical Era
Myanmar a subsistence economy: rice
production and other forms of agriculture.

*A subsistence economy is a non-monetary economy which
relies on natural resources to provide for basic needs,
through hunting, gathering, and subsistence agriculture.

Lacks formal monetary system

All land was owned by the Burmese Monarch
British Burma (1885 - 1948)
Second wealthiest country in Southeast Asia after
the Philippines

was once the world's largest exporter of rice

Burma also had a wealth of natural and labor resources.

Post-independence (1948)
Prime Minister U Nu attempted to make Burma a welfare
state and adopted central planning.

1962 coup d'tat was followed by an economic scheme
called the Burmese Way to Socialism.


Military rule (1988 - 2011)
Retreated from totalitarian socialism

Many nations, , including the United States and Canada, and
the European Union, have imposed investment and trade
sanctions on Burma.

Economic liberalization (2011-present)

Asian Development Bank formally began re-engaging with
the country.

Draft foreign investment law emerged
First ever countrywide study; 37% unemployed , 26% live in poverty

Rice ( major agricultural produce )

Opium ( second largest produce )

Other industries include agricultural goods,
textiles, wood products, construction
materials, gems, metals, oil and natural gas.

**The private sector dominates in agriculture, light industry,
and transport activities, while the military government
controls energy, heavy industry, and rice trade.



In 1995, Myanmar decided to join the regional association
and attained observer status, along with Laos and Cambodia,
in July 1996.

At least two reasons which led to Myanmars decision to join ASEAN.
(1) internal and external conditions had changed in the
country
(2) age of globalization and regionalism

Development of capital market in Myanmar
SMEs development
financial sector Development
Implementation in standard and conformance
Implementation of AEC
Myanmar has made a commitment to establish an ASEAN Economic
Community (AEC) and actively participating and coordinating with other
member countries.

Chair of ASEAN in 2014

Singapore is a hi-tech,
wealthy city-state in
Southeast Asia, also
known for the
conservatism of its
leaders and its strict
social controls.

One of the world's most prosperous places - with
glittering skyscrapers and a thriving port.

Often referred to as one of Asia's
economic "tigers".

electronics manufacturing

financial services

weathered regional crises

A high-income economy with a gross national income
of $47,210 per capita (Atlas Method), as of 2012.

Worlds Most Business-friendly Regulatory
Environment

Ranked among the Worlds Most Competitive
Economies.





Source:http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/singapore/overview
Most densely populated independent country in the
world.

Largely corruption-free government

A skilled work force

Pro-foreign investment

Export-oriented




Source: www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/singapore.htm


MAIN EXPORTS:




Machinery
Petroleum products
Computer Equipment
Rubber products
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS:

Copra
Fruits Orchids
Vegetables Poultry Eggs
Ornamental
Fish
Fish
Enjoys a remarkably open and corruption-free
environment, stable prices, and a per capita GDP
higher than that of most developed countries.

Economy depends heavily on exports

Singaporean businesses will find greater ease
operating in a more integrated production base.

Singaporean businesses can access larger markets and
enjoy the same incentives as local businesses.


It will open more regional cooperation and will
improve the scale efficiencies, dynamism and
competitiveness of ASEAN members.

Offer new ways of coordinating supply chains, or
access to new markets for established products.


Tourism opportunity

Internationalization of health care under the AEC

surge of foreign goods invading their country

sudden flood of other players competing against them
locally

Country Country Name Subject Name 2011 2012 2013 2014
KH Cambodia Population (Persons) 15.1 15.25 15.41 15.56
LA Lao P.D.R. Population (Persons) 6.52 6.65 6.77 6.9
SG Singapore Population (Persons) 5.18 5.31 5.4 5.47
MM Myanmar Population (Persons) 62.41 63.66 64.93 66.23
BN
Brunei
Darussalam Population (Persons) 0.39 0.4 0.41 0.41
Source: International Monetary Fund
Download http://knoema.com/IMFWEO2014Apr/imf-world-economic-outlook-april-2014
Country
Country
Name Subject Name 2011 2012 2013 2014
KH Cambodia
Gross domestic product, constant prices (Percent
change) 7.08 7.29 7.02 7.24
SG Singapore
Gross domestic product, constant prices (Percent
change) 6 1.9 4.08 3.63
BN
Brunei
Darussalam
Gross domestic product, constant prices (Percent
change) 3.43 0.95 -1.24 5.38
LA Lao P.D.R.
Gross domestic product, constant prices (Percent
change) 8.04 7.87 8.2 7.48
MM Myanmar
Gross domestic product, constant prices (Percent
change) 5.91 7.3 7.5 7.8
Source: International Monetary Fund
Download
URL:
http://knoema.com/IMFWEO2014Apr/imf-world-economic-outlook-april-
2014
Sources:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook
http://knoema.com/atlas
http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry
http://www.tradingeconomics.com/country-list/gross-
national-product

Economic Indicators
Countries
Brunei Cambodia Lao PDR Myanmar Singapore
Land Area (km
2
)
5,270 176,520 230,800 653,290 700
Population (2013 - in millions) 0.41
15.41 7 64.93 5.4
Population Density (km/sq.)
77/km sq. 83/ km sq. 29/ km sq. 80/ km sq. 7,405/ km sq.
Population Growth Rate % (12-
13)
1.3 1.8 1.3 0.8 2.5

(11-12)
1.4 1.7 1.9 0.8 2.1
GNP (constant prices - billion
PPP dollars) 19
34.63 17.87 93.53 319
Real GDP (2013- US$ billions) 16.21
15.66 11.14 56.41 295.74
Real GDP Growth Rate (%
change) -1.2
7 8.2 7.5 4.1
Poverty Threshold
no minimum wage
no minimum
wage
626, 000 Lao kip ($79)
per month
no minimum wage $53.7 per month
US$ 0.3/ hr
Poverty Index less than $1.25
per day(%)
NA 20 22 32.7 NA
Trade Exports (2012 - US$
billions)
8.086 (-3.55%) 8.561 (18.88%) 2.313 (5.45%)
8.370 (11.78% as of
2004)
555 (0.27%)
Trade Imports (2012 - US$
billions)
3.716 (12.74%) 9.510 (16.35%) 3.238 (21.60%)
8.581 (-16.22% as of
2004)
494 (3.19%)
***Difference between the two
4.73 -0.949 -0.925 -0.211 61
Specific Exported Goods
1. crude oil 1. clothing 1. wood products 1. natural gas
1. machinery &
equipt
2. natural gas 2.timber 2. coffee 2. wood products
2.
pharmaceuticals
& other
chemicals
3. garments 3. rubber 3. electricity 3. beans
3. refined
petroleum
products
Specific Imported Goods
1. iron and steel
1. petroleum
products
1. machinery & equipt. 1. fabric
1. machinery &
equipt
2. motor vehicles 2. cigarettes 2. fuel 2. petroleum products 2. mineral fuels
3. machinery and
transport equipt
3. gold 3.vehicles 3. fertilizers 3. chemicals
Sectoral Contribution to GDP
(2013)
***Agricultural
0.70% 34.80% 24.80% 38% 0%
***Industrial
70.90% 24.50% 32% 20.30% 29.40%
***Service
28.40% 40.70% 37.50% 41.70% 70.60%
Sectoral Labor Force (2013)
***Agricultural
4.20% 55.80% 73.10% 70% 1.30%
***Industrial
62.80% 16.90% 6.10% 7% 18.60%
***Service
33% 27.30% 20.60% 23% 80.10%
Unemployment Rate (% of total labor force)
***2012 2.7
0.3 (2010) 2.5 (2009) 5.4 1.95
***2013 2.7
0 (2011) 1.9 (2010) 5.2 1.9
Inflation Rate (2013)
0.38 2.95 6.4 5.82 2.36
Debt to GDP (% of GDP)
2.36 28.76 61.53 47.27 107.88
Table (1.1) Selected Economic Indicators (2011): ASEAN
Countries Land Area
(000)
(sq km)
Pop (million) Pop
Growth (%)
Labor Force
(Million)
GDP
At current prices
(US$ million)
Real GDP
Growth (%)
GDP Per capita
At current prices
(US$)
Export
Growth Rate
(%)
Import Growth
Rate (%)
Inflation
Brunei 5,765 0.4 2.0 0.21 16,359.6 2.2 38702.5 33.1 19.6 2.0
Cambodia 181,036 14.5 1.5 7.2 12,775.0 7.1 879.7 35.8 25.9 6.3
Indonesia 1,919,317 241.6 1.7 117.3 846,821.3 6.5 3563 29.0 30.8 5.4
Laos 236,800 6.38 2.0 n.a 8,163.3 8.0 1278.5 6.1 17.6 7.6
Malaysia 329,758 28.96 1.3 12.5 287,922.3 5.1 9940.6 8.7 8.6 3.2
Myanmar 676,577 60.4 1.0 30.1 52841.5 10.4 875.1 0.4 37.3 5.0
The Philippines 300,000 94.2 1.7 40.0 224,337.4 3.9 2340.9 -6.7 9.5 4.6
Singapore 648 5.18 2.1 3.2 259,858.4 4.9 50129.9 7.5 8.6 5.2
Thailand 514,000 67.6 0.4 38.8 345,810.8 0.1 5115.8 11.7 19.1 3.8
Vietnam 330,955 87.8 1.0 51.4 123,266.9 5.9 1403.3 34.2 25.8 18.6
Source: Asian Development Bank, Key Indicators for Asia and Pacific 2012, ASEAN Statistics