CHEMICAL ENGINEER

University of Valladolid
Ana Celina Gondim Santos
Sara Prez Nieto
(Group B - 22)

Valladolid, 20 de Octubre de 2011
Chemical Engineering Laboratory II
CHILLING ADSORPTION
1. INTRODUCTION

2. ADSORPTION REFRIGERATOR

3. RESEARCHS

4. APLICATIONS

5. CONCLUSIONS
2/27
1. INTRODUCTION
Cooling adsorption systems


Advantages:

environmentally friendly refrigerants
can recover waste heat at low temperature levels
low operation costs

Evaluation of an Adsorption cooling system:

coefficient of performance (COP)
specific cooling power (SCP)
3/27
Oil crisis (1970)
Ecological problems (1990)
2. ADSORPTION REFRIGERATOR
4/27
2.1 System configuration and operation










Figure 1. General basis system layout of the adsorption chiller.
ADSORBENT
ADSORBATE
Adsorbent cooling:
adsorption process +
refrigerant evaporation
Adsorbent heating:
desorption process +
refrigerant condensation
2. ADSORPTION REFRIGERATOR
5/27
2.1 System configuration and operation










Figure 2. Photograph of the silica gel-water adsorption chiller.
2. ADSORPTION REFRIGERATOR
6/27
2.1 System configuration and operation










Figure 3. The adsorption icemaker
during ice production.
Figure 4. Solar-powered icemaker
without valves.
2. ADSORPTION REFRIGERATOR
7/27
2.2 Parameters of work

Parameters that influence in the performance of
the system:
Temperature of cooling water
Adsorption temperature
Heating source temperature
Desorption temperature
Cycle time









to get more cooling.
load control tool
T and madsorbed (Pconst)
T and P (madsorbed-const)

2. ADSORPTION REFRIGERATOR
8/27
2.3 Key issues for the development of adsorption
systems

The hight cost of production is a drawback for
adsorption systems.

To become more commercially attractive, it is
necessary to make a cost and size reduction:

Increasing the SCP throught enhancement of the
internal and external heat transfer of the adsorber;
Increasing the COP throught the improvement of the
heat management.






2. ADSORPTION REFRIGERATOR
9/27
2.3 Key issues for the development of adsorption
systems

The main technologies to enhance the external
heat transfer are related to:

extended surfaces: to increase of the heat
exchange area;
coated adsorbers: to increase the wall heat transfer
coefficient;
heat pipe technology: to have a high heat flux density
and less intermediate elements.






2. ADSORPTION REFRIGERATOR
10/27
2.3 Key issues for the development of adsorption
systems

The main technologies to enhance the internal
heat transfer are related to:

consolidated adsorbents: because consolidated
adsorbents have lower mass transfer properties than
granular adsorbents, which could lead to very low
adsorption rates.






3. RESEARCHS
11/27
3.1 Researches tendency

Increase in adsorption cooling systems
performance compete with electric compression
machines.

R&D develop performing


Harmonization of the adsorbent with the
thermodynamic cycle.





Adsorbents

Components

Sistems

3. RESEARCHS
12/27
3.1 Researches tendency


Investigation in adsorbing materials:

silica gel/water
zeolite/water
activated carbon
activated carbon fibres/ammonia
Methanol
R134a




3. RESEARCHS
13/27
3.1 Researches tendency


Adsorption refrigeration systems modelling:

Many modelling techniques;
Simulate the adsorption refrigeration systems;
Simulation techniques:

lumped-parameter ;
lumped analytical ;
dynamic ;
distributed .




3. RESEARCHS
14/27
3.1 Researches tendency


Simulation constant values:

Overall heat transfer coefficient for adsorbent
beds;
Evaporator;
Condenser.


3. RESEARCHS
15/27
3.1 Researches tendency


Researches about adsorption cooling:



evaluation of adsorption and physical-chemical
properties of the working-pairs;
development of predictive models of their behaviour in
different working conditions.
study of the different kinds of cycles.



Divided into some specifics ways to improve adsorption
cooling systems.
3. RESEARCHS
16/27
3.1 Researches tendency





Figura 5. Design drawing and a frontal view of the
adsorption chiler test facility.
3. RESEARCHS
17/27
3.2 Read Researches


Development and test of two heat regenerative
adsorption systems:

ice making and air conditioning;
activated carbon-methanol adsorption pair;
cycle time was short good heat transfer.


3. RESEARCHS
18/27
3.2 Read Researches


Synthesis and characterization of a new composite
sorbent:

Improve the adsorbent;
Make the isobars of ads-/desorption steeper;
Increase the mass of water exchanged at the same
boundary conditions;
Improve the hydrothermal stability.


3. RESEARCHS
19/27
3.2 Read Researches


Testing of the lab scale adsorption chiller:

Study the influence of the cycle time;
Study the relative duration of the isobaric steps;
Relative duration of the isobaric steps on the
performance of an adsorption cooling system.


3. RESEARCHS
20/27
3.2 Read Researches

Design and performance prediction of a new
generation adsorption chiller:
(Mathematical model)

Describe the heat and mass transfer process

Adsorbent bed
the composite adsorbent
the metal of the tube
the working fluids

Condenser
cooling water
the metal of the tube
refrigerant


3. RESEARCHS
21/27
3.2 Read Researches

Optimization the operation strategy :

Different temperatures of hot water inlet, cooling water
inlet and chilling water inlet different COP and cooling
capacity;

Conventional chiller;


Composite adsorbent





higher cooling capacity
COP slightly higher
4 . APLICATIONS
22/27


Jiagsu Province, China

cool a grain depot during hot summers ;
silica-gel adsorption chiller driven by a low
temperature heat source .

Shanghai Research Institute of Building Science

chillers being used in the air conditioning system of a
green building.





4 . APLICATIONS
23/27
Figure 6. (a) Shanghai Green Building; (b) equipment room.
(a) (b)
4 . APLICATIONS
24/27

European project Climasol

examples of buildings that already use solar-powered
sorption air conditioners

System located in the cosmetic company
adsorption chillers powered by hot water in the
summer

Chinese policy for energy exploitation
small power adsorption chillers
suitable for combined cooling, heating and power
systems or heating and power system



5 . CONCLUSIONS
25/27
We tried to synthesize the four articles, taking the best that
each had. It was observed that:

Adsorption cooling systems are becoming increasingly
considered for applications where cooling is required and
low grade heat is available.
Adsorption refrigerating machines consist essentially of an
evaporator, a condenser, valves, and an adsorber-reactor
containing a porous medium as adsorbent.
Some parameters influence in the performance of the system
and there are drawbacks in these systems that dont make
them so commercially attractive.
Researches about adsorption cooling are divided into some
specifics ways to improve adsorption cooling systems.
Looking for real application for the cooling adsorption, some
buildings and grain depot were found in Asia and Europe.

Thank you!
26/27
CHEMICAL ENGINEER
University of Valladolid
Ana Celina Gondim Santos
Sara Prez Nieto
(Group B - 22)

Valladolid, 20 de Octubre de 2011
Chemical Engineering Laboratory II
CHILLING ADSORPTION