HOMEOSTASIS

dr. Hawin Nurdiana, M.Kes

PHYSIOLOGY, PHYSIO = FUNCTION/FAAL
ATAU KERJA (sesuatu yg ada hub. dgn
mekanisme) & LOGY= LOGOS ILMU.

Ilmu faal: suatu ilmu yg mempelajari mekanisme
fungsionil regulatory system yg menjaga
secara optimal integritas internal environment
dlm menunjang proses kehidupan mahluk hidup
(the basic unit of living matter)

WELLCOME TO PHYSIOLOGY
What is homeostasis?
maintaining the internal environment at a
constant level or between narrow limits
Blood pH is one aspect that must be
maintained at all times
What are some other examples?
Additional Concepts:
The internal environment of the
organism: mostly composed of the
extracellular fluid

The ECF includes
plasma
interstitial fluid
How does the organism stay
alive?
Organ systems work together to
maintain a relatively constant internal
environment to which the cells are
exposed
In other words: the organ systems
carry out homeostasis

INTEGUMENTARY
SYSTEM
MUSCULAR
SYSTEM
SKELETAL
SYSTEM
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM

LYMPHATIC
SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
URINARY
SYSTEM
REPRODUCTION
SYSTEM
Mechanisms of Homeostasis
Sensory receptors
Detect stimulus
Integration
Selects response

Effector
Carry out response
Negative Feedback
Situation in which a change in a certain
direction provides information that causes
a system to change less in that direction


Maintenance of body temperature

Positive Feedback
Situation in which a change in a certain
direction provides information that causes a
system to change more in that direction

Childbirth
Hemostasis system
Potensial aksi syaraf
How does homeostasis work?
Feedback loops!
Rate of metabolic
chemical reactions
Heat loss
from air
cooling skin
Heat in body
Positive feedback loop
Blood
temperature in
hypothalamus
Excess temperature
perceived by brain
Negative feedback loop
Water level
homeostasis
Gas level homeostasis
Sweating
Dilating Blood Vessels
Response to Heat
Shivering
Constriction of dermal
blood vessels
Response to Cold
Environment
Thermoregulation in ectotherms
Regulation of glucose levels
Positive Feedback Mechanisms
Characteristics:
1.Time limitation
2.Intensification of stress


Typical Positive Feedback
Process

Stress Sensor
Control Center
Effector
Intensifies
Homeostatic Regulation of Child Birth through
Positive Feedback
Pressure of Fetus on
the Uterine Wall
Nerve endings in the uterine
wall carry afferent messages
to the Hypothalamus
Production and Release
of Oxytocin into the
Blood
Increasing strength of
uterine contractions
Intensifies
Uterine
contraction
Positive feedback mini-loops are built into pathway to speed up
production of chemicals needed to form the clot.
Feedback in Coagulation
Harmful Effects of Positive Feedback
Positive feedback can be harmful. Two specific
examples of these harmful outcomes would be:
1. Fever can cause a positive feedback within
homeostasis that pushes the body temperature
continually higher. If the temperature reaches 45
degrees centigrade (113 degrees Fahrenheit) cellular
proteins denature bringing metabolism to a stop
and death.
2. Chronic hypertension can favor the process of
atherosclerosis which causes the openings of blood
vessels to narrow. This, in turn, will intensify the
hypertension bring on more damage to the walls of
blood vessels.