PREDISPOSING FACTORS

Age (48 years old)

Sex (exclusively for female)
Heredity (history of cervical CA)


PRECIPITATING FACTORS
Sexual partner who had multiple sexual
partner (HPV exposure)
Low economic status
Diet and lifestyle
Multiple Pregnancies (7 and above delivered)

Somatic Mutation in DNA or Gene

Altered genetic structure
and autoimmune response

Activated oncogene
or deactivate cell tumor suppressor gene

Formation of clones
or uncontrolled proliferation lymphocytes

Malignant transformation of lymphoid stem cells

Acquisition of invasive characteristics

Cervix cells dysplasia
after lymphoblastic cell event

Tumor cells engulf lymphocytes

Through sexual intercourse: HPV penetrates
squamous columnar epithelial cervix cells

Drug
Classification of
Drug
Mechanism of Action
(Indication)
Side Effects
Nursing
Considerations
Date and Time
Ordered Administered
Trade Name:
Prilosec

Generic Name:
omeprazole
-gastrointestinal
agent
- proton pump
inhibitor

Short-term treatment of
active duodenal ulcer;
First-line therapy in
treatment of heartburn
or symptoms of
gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD); Short-
term treatment of active
benign gastric ulcer;
GERD,severeerosiveeso
phagitis,poorlyresponsiv
esymptomaticGERD;Lon
g-
termtherapy:Treatmentof
pathologichypersecretor
yconditions (Zollinger-
Ellisonsyndrome,multiple
adenomas,systemicmast
ocytosis);Eradication of
H. pylori With
amoxicillin or
metronidazole.
-CNS: Head ache,
dizziness, fatigue.
-GI: Diarrhea,
abdominal pain,
nausea, mild
transient increases in
liver function tests.
-Urogenital:
Hematuria,
proteinuria. Skin:
Rash.

-Lab tests: Monitor
urinalysis for hematuria
and proteinuria. Periodic
liver function tests with
prolonged use.
-Report any changes in
urinary elimination such
as pain or discomfort
associated with
urination, or blood in
urine.
-Report severe diarrhea;
drug may need to be
discontinued.
-Do not breast feed while
taking this drug.
09/24/2014
6:30 am
09/25/2014
6:00pm
Drug
Classification
of Drug
Mechanism of Action
(Indication)
Side Effects
Nursing
Considerations
Date and Time
Ordered Administered
Trade Name:
GODEX DS

Generic Name:
Carnitine
Orotate +
Vitamin B-
complex

Hepatic
Protectors,
Cholagogues &
Cholelitho-
lytics
Treatment of mitochondrial
dysfunction, acute & chronic
hepatitis, fatty liver, liver
cirrhosis, liver intoxication by
drug or chemical substance. A
complex ionic salt of L-
carnitine and Orotic acid
which has a greater
advantage, in terms of
absorbability and
bioavailability
Stimulate an efficient function
of the Mitochondrial Energy
System, restoring normal cell
functions and protecting cell
membrane integrity.
Precursor of nucleic acid and
protein synthesis, needed for
injured cell regeneration.
A potent lipotropic factor
Improves normal
detoxification in the cells.
Hypertension Fever
Tachycardia
Seizures
Abdominal or stomach
cramps
diarrhea
headache in dialysis
patients with ESRD
nausea or vomiting
Incidence less
frequent
gastritis (abdominal
discomfort ; loss of
appetite)
Most are dose related
Monitor patients tolerance
during the 1
st
week of
therapy and after
increasing dosage.
Caution patient not to
share drug with others.
May give enteral liquid
alone or dissolved in
drinks or liquid food.
Do not refrigerate solution.

9/26/2014
7:00 am

9/27/2014
8:00 am
Trade Name
Classification of
Drug
Mechanism of Action
(Indication)
Side Effects Nursing Considerations
Date and Time
Ordered Administered
Dulcolax

Bisacodyl

Stimulant
Laxative
For relief of occasional
constipation
This product generally
produces bowel movement
in 15 minutes to 1 hour

GI: abdominal
cramps, nausea,
diarrhea, rectal
burning
F&E: hypokalemia
(chronic use)
MS: muscle
weakness (chronic
use) MISC: protein-
losing enteropathy,
tetany (chronicuse)

Before
-Check for the doctors order-Confirm
patients identity-Prepare the medicine-
Assess patient for abdominal distension,
presence of bowel sounds and usual pattern
of bowel function.-Assess patients and
familys knowledge of drug therapy
During
-Administer at bedtime for morning results-
P.O: taking on an empty stomach will
produce more rapid results.-Do not crush or
chew enteric coated tablets. Take with full
glass of water or juice-Do not administer
oral doses within 1 hr of milk or antacid
causes gastric irritation-Consider rights of
drug administration
9/24/2014
6:30 am

9/25/2014
6:00 pm


After
-Advise patient that laxatives should be
used only for short-term therapy. Prolonged
use may lead to electrolyte imbalance &
dependence.-Advise to increase oral fluid
intake to1500-2000 ml/day to prevent
dehydration-Encouraged pt. to use other
forms of bowel regulation-Advise pt. that
bisacodyl should not be used when
constipation is accompanied by abdominal
pain, fever, N/V- Report any signs of
unusualities.

Drug
Classification of
Drug
Mechanism of
Action
(Indication)
Side Effects Nursing Considerations
Date and Time
Ordered Administered
Trade Name:
Cenolate,
Cevita
Generic
Name:
Ascrobic Acid
(Vitamin C)
vitamin
Pregnancy
Category: C
Water-soluble
vitamin essential
for synthesis and
maintenance of
collagen and
intercellular ground
Hematologic:
Acute hemolytic
anemia (patients
with deficiency of
G6PD); sickle
cell crisis.
CNS: Headache
or insomnia (high
doses).
Urogenital:
Urethritis,
dysuria,
crystaluria,
hyperoxaluria, or
hyperuricemia
(high doses).
other: Mild
soreness at
injection site;
dizziness and
temporary
faintness with
rapid IV
administration.
Patient & Family Education
- High doses of vitamin C are
not recommended during
pregnancy.

9/24/2014
6:30 am

9/25/2014
8:00am
-Take large doses of vitamin C
in divided amounts because the
body uses only what is needed
at a particular time and
excretes the rest in urine.
-Mega doses can interfere with
absorption of vitamin B12.
- Note: Vitamin C increases the
absorption of iron when taken
at the same time as iron-rich
foods.
-Do not breast feed while taking
this drug without consulting
physician

substance of body
tissue cells, blood
vessels, cartilage,
bones, teeth, skin,
and tendons.
Unlike most
mammals, humans
are unable to
synthesize
ascorbic acid in the
body; therefore it
must be consumed
daily.

Drug
Classification of
Drug
Mechanism of
Action (Indication)
Side Effects Nursing Considerations
Date and Time
Ordered Administered
Trade Name:
Mephyton

Generic Name:
Vitamin K
(Phytomenadione)
fat-soluble
vitamins, Anti-
fibrinolytic Agents
Hypoprothrombinemi
a secondary to
vitamin K
malabsorption, drug
therapy, or excessive
vitamin A dosage.
-An antihemorrhagic
actor that promotes
hepatic formation of
active prothrombin.

dizziness
transient
hypotension after
IV administration
rapid and weak
pulse
diaphoresis
flushing
erythema
pain
swelling
hematoma at
injection site.

IV use: Dilute with 0.9% sodium chloride for injection,
D5W, or D5W in 0.9% sodium chloride for injection. Give
IV by slow infusion over 2 to 3 hours. Rate shouldnt
exceed 1 mg/minute in adults or 3 mg/m2/minute in
children.
Effects of IV injection are more rapid but shorter-lived
than SC or IM injections.
Protect parenteral products from light. Wrap infusion
container with aluminum foil.
For IM administration in adults and older children,
administer in upper outer quadrant of buttocks; for
infants, administer in the anterolateral aspect of thigh or
deltoid region.
Anticipate order of weekly addition of 5 to 10 mg of
phytonadione to total parenteral nutrition solutions.
Monitor PT to determine dosage effectiveness as
ordered.
If severe bleeding occurs, dont delay other measures,
such as fresh frozen plasma or whole blood.
Alert: watch for signs of flushing, weakness, tachycardia
and hypotension; may progress to shock.
Be aware that phytomenadione therapy for hemorrhagic
disease in infants causes fewer adverse reactions than
do other vitamin K analogues.
Failure to respond to vitamin K may indicate coagulation
defects.

09/24/2014
6:30 am
9/25/2014
6:00 pm
Drug
Classification of
Drug
Mechanism of
Action (Indication)
Side Effects Nursing Considerations
Date and Time
Ordered Administered
Trade Name:
Transamin

Generic Name:

Tranexamic
Acid
Anti-fibrinolytic,
antihemorrhagic
-Surgical: General
surgical cases but
most especially
operative
procedures on the
prostate, uterus,
thyroid, lungs,
heart, ovaries,
adrenals, kidneys,
brain, tonsils, lymph
nodes and soft
tissues.
-Obstetrical and
gynecological:
abortion, post-
partum hemorrhage
and
menometrorrahgia

Severe allergic
reactions such as rash,
hives, itching, dyspnea,
tightness in the chest,
swelling of the mouth,
face, lips or tongue
Calf pain, swelling or
tenderness
Chest pain
Confusion
Coughing up blood
Decreased urination
Severe or persistent
headache
Severe or persistent
body malaise
Shortness of breath
Slurred speech
Slurred speech
Vision changes


Nursing Responsibilities
Unusual change in bleeding pattern should be
immediately reported to the physician.
For women who are taking Tranexamic acid to
control heavy bleeding, the medication should
only be taken during the menstrual period.
Tranexamic Acid should be used with extreme
caution in CHILDREN younger than 18 years old;
safety and effectiveness in these children have
not been confirmed.
The medication can be taken with or without
meals.
Swallow Tranexamic Acid whole with plenty of
liquids. Do not break, crush, or chew before
swallowing.
If you miss a dose of Tranexamic Acid, take it
when you remember, then take your next dose at
least 6 hours later. Do not take 2 doses at once.
Inform the client that he/she should inform the
physician immediately if severe side effects
occur.
9/24/2014
6:30 am

9/25/2014
8:00 am