Human activities that can

damage or affect the ozone

By Robert Sholette, Yuliya Mikhnevich, Jacklyn Schilling,
Melanie Johnson, Brett Prazych

Our Goal:

Explain the issue and how it threatens our way

of life
Explain controversies or different perspectives
on the issue
Propose possible solutions
Identify decision makers/stakeholders
Describe repercussions of ignoring the issue

The First Recording of Damage to the Ozone Layer

Scientists first began observing the ozone in 1957.
In 1985 Scientists discover a drop in ozone levels.
Scientists determine the disturbance in the ozone layer
started in the mid 1970s.
In 1985 Scientists decided that something in the
stratosphere was damaging the ozone layer.
Figure 1 -- Total ozone deviations from the 19571980 average for Europe and North America show a
major decline since the early 1970s. The quasibiennial- oscillations are related to stratospheric
dynamics
Source: Earth Systems Research Laboratory,

Observed Ozone Changes. US Department of

Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration. Web,
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ozwv/dobson/
papers/wmobro/observed.html. October 23,
2014

The Effect Humans have on the Ozone Layer

Scientific studies over the past 20 years have confirmed
human produced chemicals have led to the depletion of the
ozone layer.
Human produced chemicals contain chlorine, fluorine, and
carbon often referred to as CFCs.
CFCs are most responsible for ozone reducing gases. CFCs
are used in refrigeration, air conditioning and the cleaning of
electronic components.
Automobile fumes dont affect the ozone layer, but some of
the fluids in modes older the 1994 can leak into the air and
cause damage.

The Threat to our way of life

The ozone impact the temperature structure of Earths
atmosphere.
The loss of ozone could significantly cool stratosphere
potentially causing destructive climate change.
More ultraviolet radiation hits the Earth resulting in increase
number of skin cancer and cataracts.
Figure 2-- shows increase number of
skin cancers over last decades.
Source: Natural Health is our DNA Web
http://www.encognitive.com/node/10530.
October 24, 2014

Critics Argue Models Behind Ozone Depletion

Theory are Wrong

. Scientists state that ozone measurements are variable from

month to month.

- observers at Antarctic Stations

occasionally saw unusually low ozone
values in Spring.
- Ozone readings were dependent
on short-term weather conditions
- Graph plotting showed that spring
decline was systematic (Shanklin)
Figure 3 -- Ozone seasonal deviations from preozone-hole (1957-1978) averages in the Antarctic.
Summary for stations Faraday, Syowa, Halley Bay,
South Pole
Source: (WMO Bulletin 1994, Earth system
research laboratory)

Some Argue Ozone Depletion Theory False

-

New satellite ozone data and other studies based on actual measurements
confirm that the ozone layer is not homogeneous and flat, and that atmospheric
dynamics, not chemistry is the factor that determines the thickness of ozone
layer.

The 3-D images of the distribution of the gases in the stratosphere showed that
ozone is organized in complex dynamic vertical structures that are constantly
changing in a way similar to our weather systems.(Maduro)

Figure 4 -- Measurements of
Ozone Layer over Norway
showed that the thinning process
occurred very similarly from 1940
to 1998
Source: Maduro, Rogelio. New
Scientific Evidence Proves Ozone
Depletion Theory False. Web

Skin Cancer is Just a Scare

-

The cancer scare stories about

increased UV radiation and depletion
of ozone are based on increased in
UV-B that are miniscule when compared
to the natural variations in UV-B that
are determined by ones altitude and
distance from the Equator
( UV varies 5000 percent from
Equator to Poles)( Maduro).

There is no evidence of UV-B increase

at the surface of the Earth despite
claims of ozone depletion.
Biological research indicates that
UV-A causes skin cancer not UV-B,
and UV-A is not screened by ozone layer.

Figure 5 -- Increased rates of melanoma in Norway and fluctuation in UV

The increase in ultraviolet are far too small for the trippling cancer rates. Introduction of topless swimsuites and sanbasing
is blamed for increase.
Source: Maduro, Rogelio. New Scientific Evidence Proves Ozone Depletion Theory False. Web.
http://www.mitosyfraudes.org/Ingles/Crista.html#2link. October 23, 2014.

Potential solutions for Humans to Protect our

Ozone:

When disposing of old Refrigeration or Air Conditioning systems, we need to ensure

to properly dispose of them. The best way to dispose of either system is easy, and
you can just take them right over to the local recycling center in your area. Another
important step in disposing of a refrigerator or an AC unit, be sure not the damage
the cooling circuit which contains ODSs ( Ozone Depleting Substances).

If you need to have your AC unit or Refrigerator fixed and have a technician out, be
sure you recycle the old ODSs so they aren't accidentally released into the
atmosphere.

When renovating your home or if potentially thinking of doing so in the near future,
make sure the insulation foams which also contain ODSs are disposed of in a
container labeled, Hazardous Waste.

Source: Ozone Protection

More Solutions to Protect the Ozone:

Last but not least, and most importantly keep yourself informed! By keeping
yourself, your local school, your friends, children & family members informed
you are spreading awareness and initiating change about this issue.

Initiate local action to help spread awareness around the community.

Source:
Ozone Protection(U.V).

Picture Source:
Modified from: Yahoo Image,
Protect the Ozone. October, 2015.
https://images.search.yahoo.com

What is a Decision Maker or Stakeholder?

Decision Makers?

A decision maker, or stakeholder is someone who would take

interest in the issue, or want something to change about the
issue. A decision maker/stakeholder are the people who can
make change happen.

Who Holds Stake In Ozone Layer Protection?

The big question is: Who can make the changes to protect our
ozone layer?
The United Nations has a big part in protecting the ozone
layer. They created a treaty called The Montreal Protocol
which was enacted to put limits on substances that can
destroy the ozone layer. Every nation that is part of the UN
signed it (European Commission Climate Action).

But That Doesnt Solve The Whole Problem...

Many people do not know anything about the ozone layer and
the repercussions that the destruction of it could have.
The reality is that WE ARE ALL STAKEHOLDERS AND DECISION
MAKERS!!
We need to be educated about the ozone layers, and everyone
needs to make personal choices to prolong the life of the
ozone layer.
Without it, there is no safety from the toxicity in space.

It is very simple to change our lifestyles every minutely to have

a positive effect on our ozone layer. If we all are able to
change a few things about our daily routines, or just make
environmentally friendly decisions, we can help to protect the
ozone layer.

If We Will Ignore Damage to the Ozone

The Ozone will continue to deplete if humans continue to use and
abuse substances that are harmful to the Ozone layer.
Damage to the Ozone not only affects just the ozone but other parts
of the atmosphere as well.
Industries and companies who continue to cause damage to the
Ozone will face consequences that possibly lead to people losing jobs.
Ultraviolet radiation will penetrate deeper through the atmosphere if
the Ozone layer continues to deplete.
Source: Pollution Issues.

More Repercussions of ignoring damage to the

Ozone
In the long term, if humans continue to ignore the damage being
done to the ozone it could effect us and our everyday lives in a
detrimental way.
The air we breath and sun we enjoy to feel on our skins could be in
jeopardy If the ozone is not given the chance to recover.
The Greenhouse effect is at risk of no longer being effective without
a properly functioning ozone.
On a slightly positive note, scientists suggest that if the damaging
emissions we put into the ozone are greatly reduced, the ozone could
recover by 2050.
Source: Pollution Issues.

The Greenhouse Effect at Risk

With more damage to the Ozone from humans burning more and
more fuels into the atmosphere, the Greenhouse Effect is at risk of no
longer working effectively.
The greenhouse effect is a vital process that the earth relies on to
function correctly and maintain heat at night.
With the Ozone layer being damaged from human activities, the
Ozone may not be able to properly hold in heat which the greenhouse
effect is responsible for.
Source: Pollution Issues.

Work Cited
British Antarctic Survey . Natural Environment Research Council. The Ozone Hole. Vol 2.0. 2009. Web
http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/press/journalists/resources/science/the_ozone_hole_2009.pdf
European Comission Climate Action. Ozone Protection: Protection of the Ozone Layer: Questions & Answers,
September (2012). Web: http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ozone/faq_en.htm. October 26,2014
Maduro, Rogelio. New Scientific Evidence Proves Ozone Depletion Theory False. Web.
http://www.mitosyfraudes.org/Ingles/Crista.html#2link. October 23, 2014.
Natural Health is our DNA. Skin Cancer Statistics-Number of Cases. Web
http://www.encognitive.com/node/10530. October 24, 2014
Pollution Issues. Ozone. Web http://www.pollutionissues.com/Na-Ph/Ozone.html . October 26, 2014
Stratospheric Ozone Monitoring and Recearch in NOOA. Science: Ozone Basics. Last updated on 20 March,
2008 by Karin L. Gleason. Web http://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/science/basics.htm. October 20,2014
Shanklin, Jonathan. Reflections on the Ozone Hole. Nature. Vol 465. May 6, 2010. EbscoHost October 23, 2014
US Enviromental Protection Agency. Brief Questions and Answers on Ozone Deplition. Web.
http://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/q_a.html Last updated on October 19, 2010. October 24, 2014
US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Earth Systems Research
Laboratory, Observed Ozone Changes. Web
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ozwv/dobson/papers/wmobro/observed.html. October 23, 2014
Wikipedia. Ozone Protection(U.V).Web: http://en.wikipedia.org/Ultravioletwiki/. October 26th, 2014.