FLOW OF PRESENTATION

1.) Introduction of Quality Circles

2.) Concept Of Quality Circles
3.) Definition of Quality Circles
4.) Nature of Quality Circle
5.) Origin Of Quality Circle
6.) Objectives of Quality Circle
7.) The Elements involved in QCs
8.) Importance of Quality Circle
9.) Structure of Quality Circle
CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

CON
10.) Process of Quality Circle
11.) Techniques of Quality Circle
12.) Reasons for failure of Quality Circle
13.) Conditions for success of Quality Circle
14.) Conclusion
15.)Review of the topic
16.) Bibliography
CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

INTRODUCTION OF QUALITY CIRCLES

Quality Circle is a small group of 6 to 12 employees
doing similar work who voluntarily meet together on
a regular basis to identify improvements in their
respective work areas using proven techniques for
analyzing and solving work related problems coming
in the way of achieving and sustaining excellence
leading to mutual upliftment of employees as well as
the organization.

CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

CON.
It is "a way of capturing the creative and
innovative power that lies within the work
force".
An ideal size of quality circle is seven to eight
members. But the number of members in a
quality circle can vary.

CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

CONCEPT OF QUALITY CIRCLES

The concept of Quality Circle is primarily
based upon recognition of the value of the
worker as a human being, as someone who
willingly activates on his job, his wisdom,
intelligence, experience, attitude and feelings.
It is based upon the human resource
management considered as one of the key
factors in the improvement of product quality
& productivity.
CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

CON.
Quality Circle concept has three major
attributes:
Quality Circle is a form of participative
management.
Quality Circle is a human resource development
technique.
Quality Circle is a problem solving technique.

CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

DEFINITION OF QUALITY CIRCLES (1.)

Quality Circles are (informal) groups of
employees who voluntarily meet together on
a regular basis to identify, define, analyze and
solve work related problems.

CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

DEFINITION OF QUALITY CIRCLES (2.)

Quality circle is a voluntary group of people
who meet together on a regular basis to
identify, analyze and solve quality, productivity,
cost reduction, safety and other problems in
their works area, leading to improvement in
their performance and enrichment of their work
life

CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

OTHER NAMES OF QUALITY CIRCLES

Small Groups
Action Circles
Excellence Circles
Human Resources Circles
Productivity Circles

CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

10

NATURE OF QUALITY CIRCLES

The generally regarded ideal size of a Q.C. is around ten members.

As every member of the Circle is expected to actively participate in

the Q.C. meetings, a large number is not good. Too small a number
of members would tend to make the circle dormant.

Ideally members of a particular Circle should be from the

same work-area or who do similar work, so that the problems they

discuss will be familiar to all of them.

CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

11

CON.
An organization may have a number of Q.Cs. If the number
of workers of any particular department/section who
volunteer to join the Q.C. is more than the ideal number
that one Q.C. can accommodate, two or more circles may
be formed in the same area. Thus, an organization could
have one or more Q.C. in every department or section.
There are organizations where all the workers have become
members of Q.Cs.

CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

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ORIGIN OF QULITY CIRCLES

Quality circles were first established in JAPAN in 1962; Kaoru
Ishikawa has been credited with their creation. The
movement in Japan was coordinated by the Japanese Union
of Scientists and Engineers (JUSE). The first circles were
established at the Nippon Wireless and Telegraph Company
but then spread to more than 35 other companies in the first
year. By 1978 it was claimed that there were more than one
million quality circles involving some 10 million Japanese
workers. They are now in most East Asian countries; it was
recently claimed that there were more than 20 million quality
circles in China.

CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

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CON..
Quality circles have been implemented even in
educational sectors in India, and QCFI (Quality Circle
Forum of India) is promoting such activities. However
this was not successful in the United States, as it (was not
properly understood and) turned out to be a fault-finding
exercise although some circles do still exist. ref Don
Dewar who together with Wayne Ryker and Jeff
Beardsley first established them in 1972 at the Lockheed
Space Missile Factory in California.

CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

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OBJECTIVES OF QUALITY CIRCLES

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Promote job involvement

Create problem solving capability
Improve communication
Promote leadership qualities
Promote personal development
Develop a greater awareness for cleanliness

CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

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Con.
7. Develop greater awareness for safety
8. Improve morale through closer identity of
employee objectives with organization's
objectives
9. Reduce errors.
10. Enhance quality
11. Inspire more effective team work
12. Build an attitude of problem prevention
CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

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Con.
13. Promote cost reduction
14. Develop harmonious manager, supervisor
and worker relationship
15. Improve productivity
16. Reduce downtime of machines and
equipment
17. Increase employee motivation

CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

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Con
18.Change in Attitude.
From "I dont care" to "I do care"
Continuous improvement in quality of work
life through humanization of work.
19.Self Development
Bring out Hidden Potential of people
People get to learn additional skills.
CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

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Con
20. Development of Team Spirit
Individual vs. Team "I could not do but we
did it"
Eliminate inter departmental conflicts.
21. Improved Organizational Culture
Positive working environment.
Total involvement of people at all levels.
Higher motivational level.
Participate Management process.
CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

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THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED IN QCS

1. It is a group effort and not an individual effort.
2. The participating members are volunteers.
3. Their efforts are directed to improve quality within

their shops or places of work.

4. They meet frequently, often at company cost.

5. They represent a cross-section of age, Gender and

positions in the organization.
CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

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IMPORTANCE OF QUALITY CIRCLE

Rise in organization morale.

Inspire more effective work.

Promote job involvement.
Create problem solving capability by member of quality circle
themselves.
Promote personal and leadership activity.
Improve communication within organization.

Promote cost reduction.

Increase employees motivation.
CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

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STRUCTURE OF QUALITY CIRCLE

Top Management

Steering
Committee
Coordinating
Agency

Facilitator

Leader
Member
CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

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STRUCTURE OF QUALITY CIRCLE

1.) A steering committee:
This is at the top of the structure. It is headed by a senior executive and
includes representatives from the top management personnel and human
resources development people. It establishes policy, plans and directs the
program and meets usually once in a month.

2.)Coordinator:
He may be a Personnel or Administrative officer who co-ordinates and
supervises the work of the facilitators and administers the program .

CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

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CON........
3.)Facilitator:
He may be a senior supervisory officer. He co-operation the works of
several quality circles through the Circle leaders.

4.) Circle leader:

Leaders may be from lowest level workers or Supervisors. A Circle leader
organizes and conducts Circle activities.

5.) Circle members :

They may be staff workers. Without circle members the program cannot
exist. They are the lifeblood of quality circles.

CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

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PROCESS OF QUALITY CIRCLES

CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

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PROCESS OF QUALITY CIRCLES

1. Problem identification:
Identify a number of problems that need to be
solved pertaining to their work area.

2. Problem selection :
Decide the priority and select the problem to be
taken up first.

3. Problem Analysis :
Problem is clarified and analyzed by basic problem
solving methods.
CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

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Con..
4. Generate alternative solutions :
Identify and evaluate causes and generate
number of possible alternative solutions.
5. Select the most appropriate solution :
Discuss and evaluate the alternative solutions
by comparison in terms of investment and
return from the investment. This enables to
select the most appropriate solution.
CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

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Con..
6. Prepare plan of action :- Prepare plan of action
for converting the solution into reality which
includes the considerations "who, what, when,
where, why and how" of solving problems.
7. Present solution to management circle :members present solution to management fore
approval
8. Implementation of solution :- The management
evaluates the recommended solution. Then it is
tested and if successful, implemented on a full
scale
CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

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TECHNIQUES OF QUALITY CIRCLE

Techniques used in the quality circle are:

1.

Brain storming

2.

Cause and effect diagram

3.

Sampling and charting methods

1.BRAIN STORMING:
The objective is to stimulate creativity and free interaction

among its members and a restraint of criticism.

CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

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Con.
2.

CAUSE AND EFFECT DIAGRAMS:

After a problem has been identified, members are called to

present cause for the same. Through discussions cause and effect
relationships can be arrived at after a number of meetings. A fish-bone
diagram can be drawn for the same.

3.

SAMPLING & CHARTING METHODS:

QC members are trained to observe key events at the work

place and chart them in the specific sequence and interrelationships. A

pareto diagram is an example of events with a higher frequency being

highlighted.

CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

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REASONS FOR FAILURE OF Q.C

Lack of faith in and support to Quality Circle
activities among management personnel
Lack of interest or incompetence of
leaders/facilitator
Apathy, fear and misunderstanding among
middle level executives
Delay or non-implementation of Circle
recommendations
CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

31

Con
Lack of or non-participation by some members in
the Circle activities
Circles running out of problems
Inadequate visibility of management support
Non-maintenance of Quality Circle records
Too much facilitation or too little
Language difficulty in communication
Communication gap between Circles and
departmental head
CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

32

Con..
Irregularity of Quality Circle activities
Non-application of simple techniques for
problem solving
Change of management
Confusing Quality Circle for another technique
Resistance from trade unions

CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

33

CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESS OF

QUALITY CIRCLES
1.

Active support and commitment from the part of top management

2.

Proper coordination.

3.

Commitment and ability of facilitators and leaders.

4.

Proper education about the quality circle philosophy and sufficient training for
facilitators, leaders, and members.

5.

Systematic development of the quality circle movement. Only limited number

of circles shall be started initially and the number should be increased gradually.
Starting many circles initially or increasing the number very rapidly may cause
problem of lack of concentration, coordination etc.

6.

The first circles to start should be in those areas with scope for quick, tangible
and easily visible results.

CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

34

CONCLUSION
QC has quality of product life as its primary objectives.
QC deals with only product quality. It also aim at
individual and group development. Quality Circles are not
limited to manufacturing firms only. They are applicable
for variety of organizations where there is scope for
group based solution of work related problems. Quality
Circles are relevant for factories, firms, schools, hospitals,
universities, research institutes, banks, government
offices etc.

CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

35

REVIEW OF THE PRESENTATION

1.) Introduction of Quality Circles
2.) Concept Of Quality Circles
3.) Definition of Quality Circles
4.) Nature of Quality Circle
5.) Origin Of Quality Circle
6.) Objectives of Quality Circle
7.) The Elements involved in QCs
8.) Importance of Quality Circle
9.) Structure of Quality Circle
CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

36

Con..
10.) Process of Quality Circle
11.) Techniques of Quality Circle
12.) Reasons for failure of Quality Circle

13.) Conditions for success of Quality Circle

14.) Conclusion
15.) Bibliography

CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

37

BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.)Productivity and Quality management
-Yogesh Zaveri
-Seth Publication house
2.)Statistical Quality Control
- M. MAHAJAN
- DHANPAT RAI & CO.PVT.LTD
3.)www.google.com
http://www.mahapwd.com/isoandqualitycircle/qc.htm
http://quality-circles.blogspot.in/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_circle
CONCEPT OF QC

BY: MANISHA VAGHELA

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