Group 5

FACULTY OF GEOMATICS

Content
Details of the group

Introduction
Preliminary preparation
Methodology
Computation procedure
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
Recommendations
References And Bibliography
02

Details of the group

Station Name

: Kataragama peak

Stations to be observed

: Haburugala

Karambagala
Hambantota Tower

Coordinator

: Mr. NMPM Piyasena.

Instructors

: Mr. PGV Abeyratne.

Assistants

: 02

Duration

: From 22.02.2011 to 03.03.2011

03

Details of the group Cont.

Group Members
Jayawardana S.A.M.M.

07/SS/014

Laththeepan S.

07/SS/019

Prasanna S.A.C.

07/SS/030

Rathnayake R.M.P.B.

07/SS/033

Senarath K.M.M.S.

07/SS/035

Suranga K.G.N.M.J.

07/SS/038

Thushiyanthan S.

07/SS/040

Vijayapragash S.

07/SS/041
04

Introduction
What is Triangulation ?
A method of surveying; the area is divided into triangles and the length of
one side and its angles with the other two are measured, then the lengths of
the other sides can be calculated

05

Introduction Cont.
Purpose of Triangulation Project
The triangulation surveys are carried out
To establish accurate control for plane and geodetic surveys of large areas,
by terrestrial methods.
To establish accurate control for photogrammetric surveys of large areas.
To assist in the determination of the size and shape of the earth by making
observations for latitude, longitude and gravity.

06

Introduction Cont.
Objectives of the Triangulation
Main objective
Calculate spherical coordinates for four unknown points using two
known points and angle observation.
Sub objectives
To get knowledge about the triangulation program.
To compare the accuracy between GPS observation values and the
calculated values.
To improve the collaboration with various fields and societies.
To get the experience about the management of various field.
07

Introduction Cont.
Kataragama Peak

The Selected Figure

Haburugala

Gonadeniya

Karambagala

Hambantota Tower

Kadurupokuna

Known stations
Unknown stations
Base line

08

Preliminary preparation
Organization of the project
Preparing list of requirements.
Preparing schedule for observation.
Preparing schedule for transportation.
Camp establishment.
Instrument transferring.
GPS downloading and battery charging.
Camp removal.

Preparing schedule for communication.

Organizing field assistants
09

Methodology
Initial Preparation

Computer Program For Triangulation

Selection of Triangulation Figure
Inter Visibility Check In Office
Collection of Information Required

10

Methodology Cont.

Organization of the task

Inform various authorities

Divisional Secretariat Office And Grama Niladari
Police Station
Important Schedules
Signal communication schedule
Uses and instrument transfering
Communication schedule
Necessary documents used
Angle & GPS observation sheet
Diary
Important requirements
Foods and Medicine
Equipment and Domestic items

11

Methodology Cont.
Reconnaissance Survey
Reconnaissance of Field
Availability of the monument of the trig station was checked.
Suitable places for the camp site were selected.
Water source near to the station was found.
A place to get electrical power to charge batteries for GPS was found.
Easy accessibility to each station for transporting instruments was
discovered.
Inter-visibility between stations was verified.
Inter Visibility Check In Field
checked by using mirror signal
12

Computation Procedure
Known
Coordinates
/Distances

Indirect
of MidLatitude
Formula

All Azimuth
angles

Calculate

Included
Angles
(Observed
Angles)

Random
Values
Angle
Adjustment

Adjusted
coordinates

Azimuth of base
line, Base
distance

Direct
problem
of MidLatitude

Calculate
All Azimuths

Approximate
angles

Known position
Coordinates

13

Results and Discussion

GPS Coordinates of Triangulation Stations
Trig Stations

Latitude

Longitude

Karambagala

06

14

17.2685333

81

00

16.5720800

Kadurupokuna

06

00

54.5596600

80

46

40.7182700

Gonadeniya

06

12

45.4992900

80

48

56.5211500

Haburugala

06

19

49.1409600

80

57

34.3444400

Kataragama peak

06

23

11.0128500

81

20

08.8871800

Habantota tower

06

07

19.3904033

81

07

36.9330833
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Results and Discussion Cont.

Adjusted coordinate of unknown trig stations
Latitude

Longitude

Trig Stations
D

Karambagala

14

17.2683000304643

81

16.5716033135482

Gonadeniya

12

45.4989993551592

80

48

56.5213875469976

Kataragama peak

23

11.0140928461892

81

20

8.88699537679258

Hambantota
tower

19.4286977848566

81

36.9691132796038

Haburugala

19

49.1409599999992

80

57

34.3444399999998
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Results and Discussion Cont.

Coordinate difference
Coordinate Difference
Trig Stations

Latitude

Kataragama
peak

Gonadeniya

Karambagala

Habantota
tower

Haburugala

Longitude

S
0.107298

-0.00603
-0.00291
-0.02902

-0.00275

S
-0.02133

0.011491
0.01572
-0.00134

1.99E-13
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Conclusions
Due to the large distances between trig stations, the angular observations
were unable to taken.
The less power of PTL was also a reason for that. Any trig stations could
not be visible from our station.
Any included angle could not be subtended.
Finally, We decided to use 3 gas lamps instead of one as follows.

Therefore angle observation procedure was omitted.

17

Conclusions Cont.
Lot of problems had to be faced due to not completed investigation process. As a
result it, Angle observation procedure was omitted.
What is the alternative solution?

It is GPS observations method.

By fixing master stations as Haburugala and Kadurupokuna, GPS observations
were recorded from rover stations. The important thing is couple of GPS unit
(Master and Rover) should be recorded their observations within the same time
duration.
Its accuracy mainly depending on the following factors.
Such as, satellite geometry, satellite availability, weather conditionsetc.
When increasing the GPS observation time, accuracy also increases.

18

Recommendations
Observation part and investigation part were done simultaneously. So it was better
if field investigation had been done before.

It was good effort that the observation camps had done outside of the university
area, but there must be a good pre preparation.

Powerful instruments and powerful signals.

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References And Bibliography

Websites
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation
http://www.montana.edu/gps/understd.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System

Books
AGOR,R (1997)Text book of Advanced Surveying, PP.152-309.
Duggal, S K. (2006) Surveying (Civil Engineering Series), PP.20-68

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