Matakuliah : I0262 – Statistik Probabilitas

Tahun : 2007
Versi : Revisi

Pertemuan 11
Analisis Ragam (Varians) - 2

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 Learning Outcomes

Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa

akan mampu :
• Mahasiswa akan dapat membandingkan
beberapa perlakuan.

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 Outline Materi

• Analisis varians klasifikasi dua arah

• Analisis varians bebas sebaran

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 Analysis of Variance and
Experimental Design
• An Introduction to Analysis of Variance
• Analysis of Variance: Testing for the Equality of
k Population Means
• Multiple Comparison Procedures
• An Introduction to Experimental Design
• Completely Randomized Designs
• Randomized Block Design

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 An Introduction to Analysis of
Variance

• Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) can be used to test for the

equality of three or more population means using data
obtained from observational or experimental studies.
• We want to use the sample results to test the following
hypotheses.

H0: µ 1 = µ 2 = µ 3 = ... =µ k

Ha: Not all population means are equal

• If H0 is rejected, we cannot conclude that all population

means are different.
• Rejecting H0 means that at least two population means have
different values.
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Assumptions for Analysis of
Variance

• For each population, the response

variable is normally distributed.
• The variance of the response variable,
denoted σ 2, is the same for all of the
populations.
• The observations must be independent.

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 Analysis of Variance:
Testing for the Equality of K Population
Means

• Between-Samples Estimate of Population

Variance
• Within-Samples Estimate of Population
Variance
• Comparing the Variance Estimates: The F
Test
• The ANOVA Table
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 Randomized Block Design

• The ANOVA Procedure

• Computations and Conclusions

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 The ANOVA Procedure

• The ANOVA procedure for the randomized block design

requires us to partition the sum of squares total (SST)
into three groups: sum of squares due to treatments,
sum of squares due to blocks, and sum of squares due
to error.
• The formula for this partitioning is
•
SST = SSTR + SSBL + SSE

• The total degrees of freedom, nT - 1, are partitioned

such that k - 1 degrees of freedom go to treatments,
b - 1 go to blocks, and (k - 1)(b - 1) go to the error term.

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 ANOVA Table for a
Randomized Block Design

Source of Sum of Degrees of Mean

Variation Squares Freedom Squares F

Treatments SSTR k-1

SSTR MSTR
MSTR =
Blocks SSBL b-1 k - 1 MSE
SSBL
MSBL =
Error SSE (k - 1)(b - 1) b- 1

SSE
Total SST nT - 1 MSE =
(k − 1)(b− 1)
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 Contoh Soal: Eastern Oil Co.

Eastern Oil has developed three new blends

of gasoline and must decide which blend or
blends to produce and distribute. A study of the
miles per gallon ratings of the three blends is
being conducted to determine if the mean
ratings are the same for the three blends.
Five automobiles have been tested using
each of the three gasoline blends and the miles
per gallon ratings are shown on the next slide.

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Contoh Soal: Eastern Oil Co.

Automobile Type of Gasoline (Treatment) Blocks

(Block) Blend X Blend Y Blend Z Means
1 31 30 30 30.333
2 30 29 29 29.333
3 29 29 28 28.667
4 33 31 29 31.000
5 26 25 26 25.667
Treatment
Means 29.8 28.8 28.4

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 Contoh Soal: Eastern Oil Co.
• Randomized Block Design
– Mean Square Due to Treatments

The overall sample mean is 29. Thus,

SSTR = 5[(29.8 - 29)2 + (28.8 - 29)2 + (28.4 - 29)2] = 5.2
MSTR = 5.2/(3 - 1) = 2.6
– Mean Square Due to Blocks

SSBL = 3[(30.333 - 29)2 + . . . + (25.667 - 29)2] = 51.33

MSBL = 51.33/(5 - 1) = 12.8
– Mean Square Due to Error

SSE = 62 - 5.2 - 51.33 = 5.47

MSE = 5.47/[(3 - 1)(5 - 1)] = .68

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 Contoh Soal: Eastern Oil Co.
• Randomized Block Design
– Rejection Rule
Assuming α = .05, F.05 = 4.46 (2 d.f. numerator
and 8 d.f. denominator). Reject H0 if F > 4.46.
– Test Statistic
F = MSTR/MSE = 2.6/.68 = 3.82
– Conclusion
Since 3.82 < 4.46, we cannot reject H0. There is
not sufficient evidence to conclude that the miles
per gallon ratings differ for the three gasoline
blends.

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• Selamat Belajar Semoga Sukses.

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