Marine Services

MATERIALS

CONTENTS

Materials certification

Welding processes

Welder and weld qualification

Weld quality

design
construct
operate
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Marine Services

MATERIALS

MATERIAL CERTIFICATION

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Marine Services

MATERIALS

MATERIAL CERTIFICATION

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Marine Services

MATERIAL CERTIFICATION

MATERIALS

Production Steel processes

Processes for steel
De-oxidation
Supply condition
As rolled
Normalised
Controlled rolling
TMCP

Pipes and tubes

Forgings

Casting

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Marine Services

MATERIAL CERTIFICATION

MATERIALS

Supply condition

Normalized

R
NR

Ar3

As rolled
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Normalized
rolled

Thermomechanical

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MATERIALS

LR ROLLED STEEL PLATES

Strength

Yield
stress

Tensile
strength

Elong.

Charpy V - notch
min. average (J)

N/mm2

N/mm2

50 mm
max.

>50<70
mm

>70 mm

Normal

235

400 - 520

22

27

34

41

32

315

440 - 590

22

31

38

46

36

355

490 - 620

21

34

41

50

Impact test temperatures B & AH = 0 C, D & DH = -20 C,

E & EH = -40 C. Tests on grade A not required unless > 50 mm
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Marine Services

MATERIALS

IACS Recommended Comparable Standards

IACS
grade

ISO 630
ISO 4950

EN 10025
EN 10113

A
B
D
E
AH32
DH32
EH32
AH36
DH36
EH36

Fe 360B
Fe 360C
Fe 360D
Fe 510C
Fe 510D
E 355E

S235JRG2
S235J0
S235J2G3
S275NL/ML
S355N/M
S355N/M
S355ML/ML

ASTM A131 JIS G3106

A
B
D
E
AH32
DH32
EH32
AH36
DH36
EH36

* check impact properties

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SM41B
SM41B
SM41C*
SM50B
SM50C*
SM53B
SM53C*
-

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MATERIALS

Minimum requirements to assess equivalency

Items to be
considered

Requirements

Comments

Condition of
supply

Same or better

Supply condition in increasing order;

- as rolled (AR)
- normalised rolled (NR)
- furnace normalised (N)
- thermo-mechanically rolled (TM)

Tolerances

Same or better

Permissible under thickness tolerances;

- plates: 0.3 mm
- sections: according to a recognised
standard.

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Marine Services

MATERIAL CERTIFICATION

MATERIALS

Aluminium Alloys
Grade and alloys
Heat treatment
Transition strips

Copper Alloys
Types

Other materials
Steels
Plastics

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Marine Services

MATERIAL CERTIFICATION

MATERIALS

Works approval
Audit records
Equipment
NDE, Welding and heat treatment
Approval tests

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Marine Services

MATERIAL CERTIFICATION

MATERIALS

Testing
Chemical
Testing Process
Major chemical element
Grain refining elements
Mechanical
Tensile
Toughness (Impact)
Hardness

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MATERIAL CERTIFICATION

MATERIALS

Marking
Class society
Heat No

Recording
Mill sheets
Composition
Mechanical properties
Supply condition

Certification

Stock holders

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Marine Services

MATERIAL CERTIFICATION

MATERIALS

Plate defects
Hydrogen cracking
Segregation
Inclusions
De-lamination

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Marine Services

MATERIAL CERTIFICATION

MATERIALS

Casting defects
Mis runs
Cold laps
Cold shuts
Scabs
Rat tails
Blow holes, pin holes, air locks
Piping
Hot tears
Cold cracking/clinking
Sagging
Collapse
Segregation

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Marine Services

MATERIAL CERTIFICATION

MATERIALS

Forging defects
Clinks
Inclusions
Seams
Tool marks
Bursts
Segregation
Porosity
Hydrogen cracks
Unsoundness
Laps
Cracks

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Marine Services

WELDING PROCESSES
Materials dept CD

MATERIALS

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Marine Services

WELDING PROCESSES
MMA

MATERIALS

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WELDING PROCESSES
Submerged Arc

MATERIALS

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Marine Services

WELDING PROCESSES
GSMA

MATERIALS

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WELDING PROCESSES
Tungsten inert gas

MATERIALS

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WELDING PROCESSES
Electro slag

MATERIALS

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WELDING PROCESSES
Elecro gas

MATERIALS

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WELDING PROCESSES
Laser

MATERIALS

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WELDER AND WELD QUALIFICATION

MATERIALS

Why Qualify
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

QUALITY ASSURRED

Correct arc length

All depends on SKILL of

welder

Control position of arc

Maintain travel speed

Must assess skill of welder for

each type of welding process,
joint type, material, etc.

(to prevent contamination of the weld

by atmosphere)
(to obtain good fusion)

(to produce welds with good

appearance)

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Marine Services

MATERIALS

WELDER AND WELD QUALIFICATION

Weld qualification tests

Inspection
Visual
Crack Dye penetrant
Ultra Sonic Radiographic

Destructive testing
Macro section
Hardness
Tensile; Transverse, Weld metal,
Bend test; Face, Root
Charpy tests; HAZ, Fusion line, Weld metal

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Marine Services

WELDER AND WELD QUALIFICATION

Qualification tests

MATERIALS

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Marine Services

WELDER AND WELD QUALIFICATION

MATERIALS

Responsibilities
MANUFACTURER RESPONSIBLE
FOR:-

EXAMINER/TEST BODY
RESPONSIBLE FOR:-

Providing the WPS to be used for

testing

Organising qualification testing

Witnessing testing

Ensuring welders are qualified for

Verifying welders possess the

Maintaining and updating

Approval of extension to validity

the work to be undertaken

certificates

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required skills, and that all

qualifications are in compliance
with Codes and Standards
dates

Marine Services

WELDER AND WELD QUALIFICATION

MATERIALS

Why Welding procdures?

PROBLEM

REQUIREMENTS

Construction

Approved Consumables
Such consumables have been shown to
achieve typical tensile strengths and
impact properties.

Welder Qualification
Show that welder is capable of
performing a weld with a specified
technique.

Welding Procedures
Essential that builder can demonstrate
that they can achieve the required
properties using welding techniques,
material and practices prevalent in
works. This is achieved by performing a
simulation of proposed joint and testing
it destructively

Need to know that construction welds

have acceptable mechanical properties

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WELDER AND WELD QUALIFICATION

Weld procedure

MATERIALS

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WELD INSPECTION
Materials dept CD

MATERIALS

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Marine Services

WELD INSPECTION
Visual

MATERIALS

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WELD INSPECTION
Dye penetrant

MATERIALS

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Marine Services

WELD INSPECTION
Magnetic particle

MATERIALS

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Marine Services

WELD INSPECTION
Eddy current

MATERIALS

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Marine Services

WELD INSPECTION
Ultrasonic

MATERIALS

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Marine Services

WELD INSPECTION
Radio graph

MATERIALS

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