ALPHA BREATHING

Evocation

CAPACITOR FILTER

SUMMARY
Filter circuits and its types
Capacitor filter with half and fully controlled
controller
Expression for Ripple Factor
Advantages and Disadvantages

TYPES OF FILTER CIRCUITS

Capacitor input filter
Choke input filter

FILTER CIRCUITS
The output of a rectifier circuit is not a pure dc but it
contains ripple which are undesired
Filter circuits are used to minimise the ripple
contents
Filter is an electronic circuit that consists of
Inductor, Capacitor or combination of both and
connected between the load and the rectifier so as
to convert pulsating dc to pure dc

CAPACITOR FILTER-OPERATION WITH HALF

WAVE RECTIFIER

OUTPUT WAVEFORM

WORKING OF CAPACITOR FILTER IN FULL

WAVE RECTIFIER CIRCUIT

OPERATION OF CAPACITOR FILTER

During the conduction period, the capacitor gets
charged and stores energy.
During the non-conduction period, the capacitor
discharges through the load resistance delivering
energy to it.
Capacitor gets charged to the peak value quickly
because charging time constant is almost zero.
Discharging time constant is quite large, because it
discharges through the load resistance.
As XC << RL, the ripples are bypassed through the
capacitor and only dc component flows through the
load resistance.

RIPPLE FACTOR

RIPPLE FACTOR
Peak to peak voltage Vr = Edc / 2fCRL (for full
wave)
Vr (rms)= Vr /23
Ripple factor= Vrms /Edc = 1/ 43fCRL
Vr = Edc / fCRL (for half wave)
Ripple Factor= Vrms /Edc= 1/ 23fCRL

HOW TO DECREASE RIPPLE FACTOR???

Increase the value of filter capacitor
Increase the value of load resistance

ADVANTAGES:
Less number of components
Low ripple factor hence low ripple voltage
Suitable for high voltage at small ripple currents

DISADVANTAGES
Ripple factor depends on load resistance
Not suitable for variable loads as ripple content
increases as RL decreases
Diodes are subjected to high surge currents
Hence must be selected accordingly

Puzzle

a + b + c + d = d + e + f + g = g + h + i = 17.If a
= 4 , what are the values of d & g?Each letter
takes value from 1 to 9.

A Cat and a Dog are running a 56 feet race.The

animals have to run 28 feet and then retrace the
same path to complete the race.The Dog leaps 3
feet per jump and the Cat leaps 2 feet per
jump.But by the time the dog makes 2 leaps the
cat completes 3 leaps.Who is the winner?

MIND MAP
TYPES OF
FILTER
CAPACITOR
INPUT

OPERATION WITH
HALF AND FULL WAVE
RECTIFIER

CHOKE INPUT

EXPRESSION
FOR RIPPLE
FACTOR
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES

Summary
Capacitor filter
Introduction
Capacitor filter with half wave rectifier
Capacitor filter with full wave rectifier
Expression for ripple factor
Advantages and Disadvantage

Assessment
Which of the following is the advantage of Capacitor Filter?
a)less number of components b) low ripple voltage
c)suitable for high voltage at small ripple currents
d)all the above
Filters are used to convert -------------------a)ac to dc
b) pulsating dc to pure dc
c) fixed dc to variable dc d) fixed ac to variable ac

Q. In a capacitor filter, is the capacitor in series or in

parallel with the load?

Q.Is filtering better at a high frequency or at a low

frequency?

Q. Does a filter circuit increase or decrease the average

output voltage?

Q. What determines the rate of discharge of the

capacitor in a filter circuit?

Q. Does low ripple voltage indicate good or bad

filtering?