By:

AZEEM AHMAD KHAN

ELECTRONICS ENGG.
A4LE 44

Under the Guidance of :

Prof. MJR Khan Sb.

INTRODUCTION
Piezoelectricity was discovered by Curie brothers in 1880.
It is the generation of electric field from applied pressure.
It is observed in crystalline materials with no inversion

symmetry.
The materials exhibiting the direct piezoelectric also
exhibit the reverse piezoelectric effect (the internal
generation of a mechanical strain resulting from an
applied
electrical
field).

MATERIALS
NATURAL

SYNTHETIC

Quartz

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT)

Rochelle Salt

Zinc oxide (ZnO)

Topaz

Barium titanate (BaTiO3)

Sucrose

Gallium orthophosphate (GaPO4)

Tendon

Potassium niobate (KNbO3)

Silk

Lead titanate (PbTiO3)

Enamel

Lithium tantalate (LiTaO3)

Dentin

Langasite (La3Ga5SiO14)

DNA

Sodium tungstate (Na2WO3)

WORKING
The positive & negative charges are symmetrically

distributed in a crystal.
Piezoelectric ceramic materials are not piezoelectric

until the random ferroelectric domains are aligned by

a process known as POLING.
Poling consists of inducing a DC voltage across the

material.

Contd.

Fig: (a) Random orientation of domains prior to poling

(b) Poling in DC Electric Field
(c) Remanent polarization after field is removed

Contd.
When pressure is applied to an object, a negative
charge is produced on the expanded side and a
positive charge on the compressed side.
Once the pressure is relieved, electrical current flows
across the material.

PIEZO TRANSDUCER

PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTING

POWER GENERATING SIDEWALK

GYMS AND WORKPLACES

Vibrations caused from
machines in the gym.
At

workplaces,
piezoelectric crystal are
laid in the chairs for
storing energy.
Utilizing the vibrations in
the vehicle like clutches,
gears etc.

MOBILE KEYPADS & KEYBOARDS

Crystals laid down under
keys of mobile unit and
keyboard.
For every key pressed
vibrations are created.
These vibrations can be
used
for
charging
purposes.

POWER GENERATING BOOTS OR SHOES

Idea was researched in
US.
To power the battlefield

equipment by generators
embedded in soldier
boots.
Idea was abandoned due
to the discomfort.

FLOOR MATS AND PEOPLE

POWERED DANCE CLUBS
Series of crystals can be laid below the floor mats, tiles

and carpets.
One footstep can only provide enough electrical current
to light two 60-watt bulbs for one second.
[source: Christian Science Monitor].
When mob uses the dance floor, an enormous voltage is
generated.
This energy is used to power the equipment of nightclubs.

OUTPUT POWER
The output voltage obtained from a single
piezoelectric crystal is in millivolt(mV) range, which is
different for different crystals.
And the wattage is in microwatt(W) range.
In order to achieve higher voltages, the piezoelectric
crystals can be arranged in series.
Used to charge batteries for backup supplies or to
power low-power microprocessors.

OTHER APPLICATIONS:
Electric cigarette lighter:

Pressing the button of the lighter causes a spring-loaded

hammer to hit a piezoelectric crystal, producing a sufficiently
high voltage that electric current flows across a small spark gap,
thus heating and igniting the gas.
As sensing elements:

Detection of pressure variations in the form of sound is the

most
common sensor application, e.g. piezoelectric
microphones. Sound waves bend the piezoelectric material,
creating a changing voltage.

ADVANTAGES
Unaffected by external
electromagnetic fields.

DISADVANTAGES
They cannot be used for truly
static measurements

Pollution Free

Can pick up stray voltages in

connecting wires.

Low Maintenance

Crystal is prone to crack if

overstressed.

Easy replacement of
equipment.

May get affected by long use

at high temperatures.

CONCLUSION
Piezoelectricity is a revolutionary source for GREEN

ENERGY.
Flexible piezoelectric materials are attractive for power
harvesting applications because of their ability to
withstand large amounts of strain.
Convert the ambient vibration energy surrounding them
into electrical energy.
Electrical energy can then be used to power other devices
or stored for later use.

REFERENCES:
Piezoelectric Electric based energy harvesting Nuthan

Raju, V. Karthik ,T.P Mohd Jaffar Ahmed Khan.

Tomasz G. Zielinski, Fundamentals of piezoelectricity,
Institute Of Fundamental Technological Research,
Warsaw, Poland.
Tanvi Dikshit, Dhawal Shrivastava, (February 25,2010),
Energy Harvesting via Piezoelectricity.
http://www.electroschematics.com/4301/piezoelectricitydesign-notes.
(http://web.archive.org/web/20101006002651/http://www.e
etimes.com/electronics-news/4197064/PiezoelectricTechnology-A-Primer)
http://www.instrumentationtoday.com/piezoelectrictransducer/2011/07/

THANK
YOU